Colonic bicarbonate output as a test of disease activity in ulcerative colitis.

Roediger, W. E. W.; Lawson, Michael J.; Kwok, Victor; Grant, A K; Pannall, P R

doi:10.1136/jcp.37.6.704

Cited by 58 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Finally, in a disease control group consisting of Crohn’s colitis, no impairment of mitochondrial acetoacetyl CoA thiolase activity could be detected, suggesting that impaired enzyme activity was not just a response to colonic inflammation. These findings, taken together with earlier in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating impaired butyrate oxidation in ulcerative colitis,4 – 6 22 suggest that the demonstrated defect in mitochondrial acetoacetyl CoA thiolase activity is important in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. An earlier study investigated the role of butyrate oxidation enzymes in quiescent ulcerative colitis and concluded that there was no defective activity of any of the butyrate oxidation enzymes in ulcerative colitis 12.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Impairment of mitochondrial acetoacetyl CoA thiolase activity in the colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis

Santhanam

Venkatraman

Ramakrishna

2007

Gut

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Impairment of mitochondrial acetoacetyl CoA thiolase activity in the colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis

Santhanam

Venkatraman

Ramakrishna

2007

Gut

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“…12) Few studies were focused on the effect of luminal administration of forskolin on colonic ion transport and the segmental difference within distal colon, although many clinical trials have shown the alterative of luminal environment hold the balance during many distal colonic diseases. 13,14) The present study firstly demonstrated that the rat distal colon manifests a segmental difference in anion transport qualitatively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appearance of Segmental Discrepancy of Anion Transport in Rat Distal Colon

Xue

Tian

Yan³

et al. 2007

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Anion secretion in mammalian distal colon plays an important role in body electrolyte and water balance under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Electrogenic Cl Ϫ secretion is the fundamental means of intestinal mucosal surface hydration as a primitive defense mechanism which can prevent the mucosa from noxious stimuli, and several human diseases including secretory diarrhea and cystic fibrosis result from its defective regulation.2) HCO 3 Ϫ , similar to Cl Ϫ , is not only an important component of normal colonic fluid, contributing to the maintenance and regulation of the pH microclimate observed at the luminal surface of the colon, but also a major participator of the secreted fluid in a couple of diarrhea diseases.3) Moreover, HCO 3 Ϫ in feces is significantly reduced in patients with active ulcerative colitis, possibly due to the mucosa inflammation-induced impairment of the colonic anion exchange. 4) It has been reported that marked segmental heterogeneity of electrogenic Na ϩ transport or amiloride-sensive I SC (I SCamil) exists in human colon 5) and rat colon, 6) but few studies are concerned on the segmental difference of anion secretion within the distal colon. We previously have reported that the segmental heterogeneity of ion transport evoked by different stimulants in quantity such as 5-HT, ACh and forskolin existed in the rat distal colon, 7) but the ion components and the possible underlying mechanism were not clear. The aim of the present study is to further investigate the distinct effects of cAMP-dependent ion transport in different segments of rat distal colon, especially focus on the effect of luminal addition of adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin, since many biological or pathologic agents of alimentary tract cause gastrointestinal disorders by affecting the luminal environment of gastrointestinal, and also a very distal part of the rat colon is the part many colonic diseases predominated and easy to be affected or attacked under stress. 8) MATERIALS AND METHODS Preparation of Colonic MucosaAnimal protocols followed guidelines established by the NIH and were approved by Animal Care and Use Committee, Capital Medical University. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (Laboratory Animal Services Center, Capital Medical University) ranging in weight from 200 to 300 g fed with a standard rat diet and tap water, were killed by cervical dislocation, and a segment of distal colon of approximately ca. 7 cm in length was removed, rinsed with ice-cold Krebs-Henseleit solution (KHS). The distal colon was defined as the 7-cm-long segment proximal to the lymph node, (typically situated 3 cm away from the anus) as reported elsewhere.9,10) The distal colon was split into four segments termed DC 1 (next to lymph node), DC 2 , DC 3 , and DC 4 , 7) respectively. Because the effect of forskolin on the segment around lymph node (DC 1 ) is very different from the other three segments and also the variation from DC 2 to DC 4 is gradually prominent, the DC 1 and DC 4 were therefore chosen to investigate t...

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“…Measurement of breath CO 2 and luminal bicarbonate are significantly reduced in UC patients relative to controls after rectal infusion of butyrate. 103,104 A difficulty inherent in fecal sulfide measurement may explain discrepancies between studies. It is estimated that 95% of H 2 S is absorbed through the colon 105 owing to a natural diffusion gradient between colonic lumen (mM) and blood (mM).…”

Section: Hydrogen Sulfide Is Genotoxicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurocholic acid metabolism by gut microbes and colon cancer

Ridlon¹,

Wolf²,

Gaskins³

2016

Gut Microbes

237

229

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent causes of cancer death worldwide and is associated with adoption of a diet high in animal protein and saturated fat. Saturated fat induces increased bile secretion into the intestine. Increased bile secretion selects for populations of gut microbes capable of altering the bile acid pool, generating tumor-promoting secondary bile acids such as deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid. Epidemiological evidence suggests CRC is associated with increased levels of DCA in serum, bile, and stool. Mechanisms by which secondary bile acids promote CRC are explored. Furthermore, in humans bile acid conjugation can vary by diet. Vegetarian diets favor glycine conjugation while diets high in animal protein favor taurine conjugation. Metabolism of taurine conjugated bile acids by gut microbes generates hydrogen sulfide, a genotoxic compound. Thus, taurocholic acid has the potential to stimulate intestinal bacteria capable of converting taurine and cholic acid to hydrogen sulfide and deoxycholic acid, a genotoxin and tumor-promoter, respectively.

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Colonic bicarbonate output as a test of disease activity in ulcerative colitis.

Cited by 58 publications

References 9 publications

Impairment of mitochondrial acetoacetyl CoA thiolase activity in the colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis

Impairment of mitochondrial acetoacetyl CoA thiolase activity in the colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis

Appearance of Segmental Discrepancy of Anion Transport in Rat Distal Colon

Taurocholic acid metabolism by gut microbes and colon cancer

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