Colonial ascidians strongly preyed upon, yet dominate the substrate in a subtropical fouling community

Hiebert, Laurel S.; Vieira, Edson A.; Dias, Gustavo Muniz; Tiozzo, Stefano; Brown, Federico D.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.0396

Cited by 27 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Reduction in predatory fish, allied to less restrictive physical Oricchio, Pastro, et al, 2016;Osman & Whitlatch, 2004;Vieira et al, 2012), including introduced species (Freestone et al, 2013;Jurgens, Freestone, Ruiz, & Torchin, 2017;Kremer & Rocha, 2016). Instead, strategies to avoid predation by non-calcified organisms may rely on escape in time, with colonial animals being able to asexually regrow after predation when colony tissue is partially damaged (Hiebert, Vieira, Dias, Tiozzo, & Brown, 2019;Jackson, 1977;Jackson & Coates, 1986). The strategy of escape from predation in time may also explain why, in subtropical regions, predation does not reduce diversity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcareous defence structures of prey mediate the effects of predation and biotic resistance towards the tropics

Dias

Vieira

Pestana

et al. 2020

Diversity and Distributions

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcareous defence structures of prey mediate the effects of predation and biotic resistance towards the tropics

Dias

Vieira

Pestana

et al. 2020

Diversity and Distributions

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“…Sessile marine invertebrate communities are functionally and phylogenetically diverse, are present in coastal habitats across the globe and can be shaped by interactions with local predators (Freestone et al., 2011; Hiebert et al., 2019), making them an ideal model prey. The functional diversity of these communities is striking, as constituent species span multiple phyla, including Chordata, Bryozoa, Annelida, Porifera, Mollusca, Arthropoda and Cnidaria, encompassing a broad spectrum of functional traits related to life history, predator defence, among others.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biotic interactions are hypothesized to be more intense at lower relative to higher latitudes (Schemske et al., 2009), and predation in particular can shape patterns of prey taxonomic diversity, composition and biomass more strongly in the tropics (Freestone et al., 2011; Hargreaves et al., 2019; Hiebert et al., 2019; Lavender et al., 2017). Despite the likelihood that these large‐scale patterns emerge due to strong biotic filters on functional traits of prey, or the characteristics relevant to an individual's response to the environment or species interactions, functional trait responses of prey communities to predation across latitude have rarely been explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of co‐occurrence shapes predation effects on functional diversity and structure at low latitudes

López

Freestone

2020

Functional Ecology

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The intensity of biotic interactions is hypothesized to increase towards the equator. Predation can have a stronger effect on prey composition, biomass and taxonomic diversity in tropical regions compared to higher latitudes. Whether predation also shapes patterns of functional diversity and structure of prey communities, however, has rarely been explored across a latitudinal gradient. History of co‐occurrence between predators and prey may also shape the outcome of the interaction, and increased novelty of introduced prey may lead to stronger trait responses. We investigated the influence of predation on trait responses of prey communities across 12 sites in four regions, from the sub‐arctic to the tropics, using a field experiment in invaded coastal habitats. Prey communities experienced ambient or reduced predation pressure during assembly, and the effect of predation on functional diversity and structure of whole communities as well as their native and introduced components was assessed. Overall, predation increased functional diversity in the tropics, but effects were evident for introduced species only. Predation also shaped functional structure of low‐latitude communities, but effects were strongest for native species in subtropical Mexico and introduced species in tropical Panama. Key traits driving shifts in functional structure were related to palatability and reproduction. In the tropics, the strong predation present under ambient conditions reduced the abundance of palatable traits in introduced prey relative to low‐predation treatments, while in the subtropics, ambient predation increased the abundance of palatable traits in native prey. Reproductive traits that require high parental or energetic investment were favoured in low‐predation treatments at both low‐latitude regions. In summary, predation had a stronger influence on trait responses of prey communities at lower latitudes where biotic interactions are expected to be more intense, but changes in functional diversity and structure hinged on co‐occurrence histories of local predators with native or introduced prey. This study provides one of the first examinations of the effects of predation on functional trait responses of prey communities across a latitudinal gradient.

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“…The proposed key characters for evolution of coloniality are: the specialization of blood cells; blood cells diversification to manage modules in colonies; budding and extra-corporeal tissues to interconnect zooids; programmed cells death of old zooids and their tissues recycling; the synchronized budding in botryllids. Based in Alié et al, 2018;Hiebert et al, 2019 andZeng et al, 2006 was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made The copyright holder for this preprint (which this version posted June 2, 2020. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.31.126409 doi: bioRxiv preprint cell stained with neutral red (P).…”

Section: Evolution Of Colonial Life History In Styelidae: a Case Of Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of colonial life history in styelids tunicates involves changes in complexity patterns

Gutierrez¹

2020

Preprint

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Biological complexity is defined as the number of modules that compose an organism or a biological system, the type of interactions between these modules, and new hierarchies that describe these interactions. These patterns in biological complexity are changing during the evolution of life-histories, such as the evolution of coloniality in animals. In relation to coloniality, it is possible to observe an increment in all the aspects defined in the concept of biological complexity. First, in colonial animals, there is an increment in the modules that compound the system (i.e. zooids) compared with a solitary organism in which the multicellular individual a unity. Consequently, this transformation of the multicellular individual, in a component of the modular architecture in colonies, involves an increase in the regulatory processes of colonial system. This is precisely the case of the colonial life history evolution from solitary ancestors in the Styelids tunicates. Therefore, the main question of this study is How is the regulation of the asexual developmental processes that occurred simultaneously in the modules of the colonies? This question was studied, by the research of colonial strategy in the styelid Symplegma. Using in vivo observations of the budding process, description and classification of the extra-corporeal blood vessels system and the blood cells, by cytohistological assays. The conclusion is that the regulation of the simultaneous developmental processes that occurred in Symplegma colonies is mediated by the system of extra-corporeal blood vessels, which maintain physically the cohesion of the individuals, the plasma, and migratory blood cells transport signals between the individuals of the colonies.

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Colonial ascidians strongly preyed upon, yet dominate the substrate in a subtropical fouling community

Cited by 27 publications

References 54 publications

Calcareous defence structures of prey mediate the effects of predation and biotic resistance towards the tropics

Calcareous defence structures of prey mediate the effects of predation and biotic resistance towards the tropics

History of co‐occurrence shapes predation effects on functional diversity and structure at low latitudes

Evolution of colonial life history in styelids tunicates involves changes in complexity patterns

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