Colon metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report and literature review

Abstract

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with frequent intrahepatic metastases; extrahepatic metastases are not rare but less frequent compared to intrahepatic ones. The most frequent sites of extrahepatic metastases are the lungs, followed by the lymph nodes, bones, and adrenal glands. Case report covering gastrointestinal (GI) tract involvement from HCC is limited. Case presentation: A 60-year-old man was referred to us in May 2019 with a diagnosis of sigmoid colon tumor. The patient had a history of HCC and had received two stages of open resections for the primary and the abdominal metastasis successively and many times of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). The sigmoid colon tumor received Hartmann procedure after abdominal enhanced computerized tomography (CT) scan and colonoscopy, while postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry identified it as extrahepatic colonic metastasis from HCC. Conclusions: The ratio of extrahepatic metastasis to the digestive tract was very low, and the majority was upper gastrointestinal involvement because of direct invasion or intraperitoneal implantation. TACE may be the risk factor of retrograde hematogenous metastasis to the downstream colon.

Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Masquerading as Acute Diverticulitis

“… 7 A recent review by Yu et al regarding metastasis in patients with HCC surmised that upper GI sites (eg, stomach, duodenum) are more likely locations of metastasis because these are subject to direct invasion by the primary tumor. 8 Lower GI tract sites (eg, distal colon, rectum) otherwise are unlikely targets for metastasis because of their location far from direct invasion and downstream from portal venous flow. 8 The most frequent sites of colonic involvement include the ascending and transverse colon, with only one case reported of distal colonic involvement.…”

Synthesis, and docking studies of novel heterocycles incorporating the indazolylthiazole moiety as antimicrobial and anticancer agents

“…Recent studies have shown that hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer are among the most common and fatal cancer types 2 , 3 . Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a worldwide health care issue that accounts for a high rate of mortality 2 , 4 . Many factors are associated with HCC development, including chronic infections with hepatitis viruses (hepatitis B and C), aflatoxin exposure, obesity, prolonged and/or heavy alcohol consumption 5 , 6 .…”

Flavokawain B inhibits the growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through the suppression of UCK2 mediated downregulation of STAT3/Hif-1α/VEGF signalling pathway

“…The aggressiveness of HCC is associated with a high mortality rate due to early recurrence and its distant metastasis to the lungs, brain, lymph nodes, adrenal gland, bones, and the peritoneum and/or omentum [2]. Recent case reports have implicated HCC in extrahepatic metastasis of the colon [3], spine [4], cervical [5], and kidney [6]. The most common approach to the treatment and management of HCC include hepatectomy and hepatic transplantation [7].…”