Colloidal Nanobioconjugate with Complementary Surface Chemistry for Cellular and Subcellular Targeting

Abstract

Chemically and biochemically functionalized colloidal nanoparticles with appropriate surface chemistry are essential for various biomedical applications. Although a variety of approaches are now available in making such functional nanoparticles and nanobioconjugates, the lack of complementary surface chemistry often leads to poor performance with respect to intended biomedical applications. This feature article will focus on our efforts to make colloidal nanobioconjugates with appropriate/complementary surface chemistry for better performance of a designed nanoprobe with respect to cellular and subcellular targeting applications. In particular, we emphasize polyacrylate-based coating chemistry followed by a conjugation strategy for transforming <10 nm inorganic nanoparticle to colloidal nanoprobe of 20-50 nm hydrodynamic size. We show that a colloidal nanoprobe can be chemically designed to control the cell-nanoparticle interaction, cellular endocytosis, and targeting/labeling of subcellular compartments. Further study should be directed to adapt this surface chemistry to different nanoparticles, fine tune the surface chemistry for targeting/imaging on the subcellular/molecular length scale, and develop a delivery nanocarrier for subcellular compartments.

BODIPY-Decorated Nanoscale Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photodynamic Therapy

“…As shown in Figure 3D, 1 , 3 , and 5 displayed positive zeta potentials in PBS (pH = 6.5), which might be caused by the protonation of N atoms in COFs. NPs with electropositive zeta potential should be of great benefit to the tumor cell uptake owing to their high affinity for the negatively charged tumor cell membranes (Chakraborty et al., 2018, Intlekofer and Finley, 2019).

Figure 3NP Microtopography Characterization(A) Transmission electron microscopic images of 1 , 3 , and 5 .

…”

Membrane Trafficking and Subcellular Drug Targeting Pathways

“…lysosomes, mitochondria and nucleus etc.) via multiple mechanisms (Chakraborty et al, 2018;Wang F. et al, 2019;Yuanjie Zhu and Yuanjie Zhu, 2019;Guo et al, 2020).…”

“…Similarly, another functionalized colloidal nanoparticulate system with chemical and biochemical surface functionalization was developed, which took into account the recent concept of nanoprobes. Polyacrylate material was employed to form colloidal nanoprobes with the specific aim of targeting subcellular compartments such that the nanobioconjugates can facilitate nanoparticle-cell interaction, helping the endocytosis lead to localized subcellular disposition of the active molecule (Chakraborty et al, 2018).…”

Fluorescent carbon dots as intracellular imaging probes

“…Variety of nanoparticles are used as fluorescent bioimaging probes with specific advantages over molecular probes (Ruedas‐Rama, Walters, Orte, & Hall, ; Vendrell, Zhai, Er, & Chang, ; Zhang, Campbell, Ting, & Tsien, ). These fluorescent nanoprobes are mainly composed of semiconductor quantum dot (Chakraborty, Dalal, & Jana, ; Wegner & Hildebrandt, ), upconversion nanoparticle (Liu, Y., Lu, Y., et al, 2017; Wen et al, ; Wu et al, ), doped semiconductor nanoparticle (Maity et al, ; Yu et al, ), and carbon dot (Ding, Zhu, & Tian, ; Hong, Diao, Antaris, & Dai, ; Misra et al, ). Table summarizes all these nanoprobes with their specific advantages and limitations.…”