Colloidal Materials for 3D Printing

Abstract

In recent years, 3D printing has led to a disruptive manufacturing revolution that allows complex architected materials and structures to be created by directly joining sequential layers into designed 3D components. However, customized feedstocks for specific 3D printing techniques and applications are limited or nonexistent, which greatly impedes the production of desired structural or functional materials. Colloids, with their stable biphasic nature, have tremendous potential to satisfy the requirements of various 3D printing methods owing to their tunable electrical, optical, mechanical, and rheological properties. This enables materials delivery and assembly across the multiple length scales required for multifunctionality. Here, a state-of-the-art review on advanced colloidal processing strategies for 3D printing of organic, ceramic, metallic, and carbonaceous materials is provided. It is believed that the concomitant innovations in colloid design and 3D printing will provide numerous possibilities for the fabrication of new constructs unobtainable using traditional methods, which will significantly broaden their applications.

Printed Built-In Power Sources

“…Primary attention should be paid to the particle size (specifically, smaller than 1/50th of the inner diameter of the printing nozzles) 17 and dispersion state (affected by interparticle interaction such as van der Waals, electrostatic, and steric forces) 18,19 to avoid the unwanted clogging of the printing nozzle. To ensure reliable inkjet printing, it is recommended that ink viscosity and surface tension vary in the range of 1-25 mPa s and 25-50 mN m À1 , respectively, so that the desired values (1-10) of the inverse Ohnesorge number Z (Z = 1/Oh, where Oh is a dimensionless number indicating droplet formation) are achieved.…”

“…To ensure reliable extrusion-based 3D printing, inks should be designed such that they have good dispersion state and well-balanced rheological properties (in particular, shear-thinning/thixotropic fluid and viscoelastic properties; Figure 2F). 19 As a representative work, Sun et al 14 presented 3D-printed Li-ion microbatteries with high-aspect-ratio interdigitated electrodes on a submillimeter scale (Figure 2G). The electrode inks were prepared to show suitable viscosity (ca.…”

Controlled SrR Delivery by the Incorporation of Mg Particles on Biodegradable PLA-Based Composites

“…Among the most cutting-edge preparation strategies for composite biomaterials, the colloidal route is an excellent alternative since it allows controlling the dispersion of the particles in the polymeric matrix during shaping, which enhances the final properties of the microstructures [27,28]. The colloidal approach is based on the control of the interparticle forces in the liquid media, which implies significant advantages in terms of correct phase distribution and final homogeneity of a composite.…”

Different Cell and Tissue Behavior of Micro-/Nano-Tubes and Micro-/Nano-Nets Topographies on Selective Laser Melting Titanium to Enhance Osseointegration

“…As a result, a wide range of material types such as metals, ceramics and polymers have been successfully manufactured by 3D printing with desirable features. [1][2][3][4] Selective laser melting (SLM) is one of the prolific powder-bed based 3D printing technologies for metals. Through a layer-by-layer manufacturing method, SLM is capable of fabricating irregular and complex structures with high accuracy and shows huge potential in biomedical applications.…”