Colloid chemical studies of polystyrene latices polymerized without any surfaceactive agents

Kotera, Akira; Furusawa, Kunio; Takeda, Y.

doi:10.1007/bf02085916

Cited by 220 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Similarly, the fact that at low surfactant concentration the diameter of the obtained polymer particles increased as KPS concentration increases was reported in the published paper dealing the emulsifier-free styrene polymerization initiated by KPS, 18 which is clearly explained by the electric screening effect of salts (KPS is a kind of salt) which make the generated precursor particle unstable against coagulation. In this paper, emulsifier-free polymerization is a pure reaction without any surfactant, and methacrylate monomers were used into it.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Controlled Particle Size and Synthesizing Mechanism of Microsphere of Poly(MMA-BuMA) Prepared by Emulsion Polymerization

2009

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Based on the characteristics of potassium peroxydisulfate (KPS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a series of microspheres of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-butyl methacrylate) [poly(MMA-BuMA)] were synthesized by emulsion polymerization. The particle size of poly(MMA-BuMA) microspheres increased from 65 to 1144 nm with varing amounts of KPS and SDS as well; and the mean square errors increased from 5 to 6253 with various amounts of KPS and SDS as well. It was found that the analyzed mechanism of emulsifying polymerization can be carried out under non-equilibrium state, and the analyzed mechanism of emulsifier-free polymerization and the oligomer-micellar nucleation theory were coming into conflict.KEY WORDS: Emulsion Polymerization / Poly(MMA-BuMA) / Particle Size / Mechanisms / As known well, emulsion polymerization has two different reacting styles, emulsifying polymerization and emulsifier-free polymerization, which have their own mechanisms.To elucidate emulsifier-free polymerization, both of homogeneous nucleation theory and oligomer-micellar nucleation theory had been induced. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] That polymer microsphere is grown with coiled polymer chains in homogeneous phase is the true meaning of homogeneous nucleation theory. The foundation of oligomer-micellar nucleation theory is that an oligomer surfactant can be synthesized with corresponding monomers and initiator in the initial stage.With regard to emulsifying polymerization, the fact that the diameter of the obtained polymer particles decreased drastically as surfactant concentration increased over critical micellar concentration (CMC) of the surfactant and decreased continuously as surfactant concentration increased can be predicted by the former reported fact 12,13 that the number of polymer particles increases drastically as surfactant concentration increases over CMC and increases continuously as surfactant concentration increases. It is essential that HLB value of monomer mixture must be close to another value of surfactants used.14 Thus, the equilibrium of dispersed liquid or resultant latex can be preserved in order to avoid gelatin. Moreover, various particle sizes of microspheres are dominated by physical methods such as agitating speed, dispersing time, etc.In this article, stable poly(MMA-BuMA) latex was prepared separately by emulsifying polymerization and emulsifier-free polymerization. In emulsifying polymerization, the latex was synthesized under a wide gap of HLB value between monomers and emulsifying agents, and the particle sizes of poly(MMA-BuMA) microspheres were controlled with various amounts of KPS and SDS. This will be a supplementary to mechanism of emulsifying polymerization. The emulsifier-free polymerized latex was obtained against oligomer-micellar nucleation theory. The characteristics of used polymerizations are that the initial dispersing states are non-equilibrium states, and the resultant latexes are stable. This will be replenishment to mechanism of emulsifier-free polymerization. EXPERIMENTAL Mat...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Controlled Particle Size and Synthesizing Mechanism of Microsphere of Poly(MMA-BuMA) Prepared by Emulsion Polymerization

2009

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“…Hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) latex particles, electrostatically stabilized, with a narrow size distribution and diameters of 1.0 μm and 1.4 μm were prepared by an emulsifier-free, aqueous radical polymerization [32,33]. The 1.4 μm particles were coated by a hydrophilic shell by a procedure described in [34] in order to decrease van der Waals interaction between them drastically and to support position-change processes during crystallization.…”

Section: Substrates and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the parameters influencing the deposition of polystyrene colloidal crystals

Yoldi

Arcos

Paulke

et al. 2008

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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Colloidal crystals of polystyrene particles of 1.0, 1.4 and 2.8 μm diameter have been prepared by vertical deposition. The influence of parameters such as temperature, particle size and concentration as well as dispersion medium has been studied. The size of domain and the crystalline structure of the particle arrays have been analyzed by optical microscopy. The quality of the crystals has been improved (minimizing cracks) by controlling sedimentation (density matching), evaporation (volatility of the medium) and drying (co-solvents).

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“…3,4 Data from emulsifier-free polymerization are also useful for testing new kinetic theories and models of particle nucleation in emulsion polymerization. 5 Emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization was first reported by Kotera et al, 6 who demonstrated the possibility of conducting the emulsion polymerization of styrene in the absence of emulsifier. The formation of stable latex particles was explained by a homogeneous nucleation mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Formation of highly monodispersed emulsifier-free cationic poly(methylstyrene) latex particles

1999

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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Colloid chemical studies of polystyrene latices polymerized without any surfaceactive agents

Cited by 220 publications

References 12 publications

Controlled Particle Size and Synthesizing Mechanism of Microsphere of Poly(MMA-BuMA) Prepared by Emulsion Polymerization

Controlled Particle Size and Synthesizing Mechanism of Microsphere of Poly(MMA-BuMA) Prepared by Emulsion Polymerization

On the parameters influencing the deposition of polystyrene colloidal crystals

Formation of highly monodispersed emulsifier-free cationic poly(methylstyrene) latex particles

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