Collisions of ions with surfaces at chemically relevant energies: Instrumentation and phenomena

Grill, V.; Shen, Jie; Evans, Chris; Cooks, R. Graham

doi:10.1063/1.1382641

Cited by 201 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 302 publications

(418 reference statements)

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“…SID is a very powerful tool to probe structures and fragmentation mechanisms of large molecules (Dongre, Somogyi, & Wysocki, 1996). Physical and chemical processes occurring during collisions of low-energy (1-100 eV) polyatomic ions with different surfaces have been recently reviewed (Grill et al, 2001). During ion-surface collision part of ion kinetic energy (typically 5-35%) is converted into the internal energy resulting in efficient activation of the precursor ion on a timescale of a few picoseconds.…”

Section: Surface-induced Dissociationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Avariety of processes occurring during interaction of both small and large ions with different surfaces have been extensively reviewed (Cooks, Ast, & Mabud, 1990;Dongre, Somogyi, & Wysocki, 1996;Grill et al, 2001;Jacobs, 2002). Physical and chemical properties of the surface play an important role in determining the outcome of the collision.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activation of large lons in FT‐ICR mass spectrometry

Laskin

Futrell

2004

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

177

149

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The advent of soft ionization techniques, notably electrospray and laser desorption ionization methods, has enabled the extension of mass spectrometric methods to large molecules and molecular complexes. This both greatly extends the applications of mass spectrometry and makes the activation and dissociation of complex ions an integral part of these applications. This review emphasizes the most promising methods for activation and dissociation of complex ions and presents this discussion in the context of general knowledge of reaction kinetics and dynamics largely established for small ions. We then introduce the characteristic differences associated with the higher number of internal degrees of freedom and high density of states associated with molecular complexity. This is reflected primarily in the kinetics of unimolecular dissociation of complex ions, particularly their slow decay and the higher energy content required to induce decomposition-the kinetic shift (KS). The longer trapping time of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) significantly reduces the KS, which presents several advantages over other methods for the investigation of dissociation of complex molecules. After discussing general principles of reaction dynamics related to collisional activation of ions, we describe conventional ways to achieve single-and multiple-collision activation in FT-ICR MS. Sustained off-resonance irradiation (SORI)-the simplest and most robust means of introducing the multiple collision activation process-is discussed in greatest detail. Details of implementation of this technique, required control of experimental parameters, limitations, and examples of very successful application of SORI-CID are described. The advantages of high mass resolving power and the ability to carry out several stages of mass selection and activation intrinsic to FT-ICR MS are demonstrated in several examples. Photodissociation of ions from small molecules can be effected using IR or UV/vis lasers and generally requires tuning lasers to specific wavelengths and/ or utilizing high flux, multiphoton excitation to match energy levels in the ion. Photodissociation of complex ions is much easier to accomplish from the basic physics perspective. The quasi-continuum of vibrational states at room temperature makes it very easy to pump relatively large amounts of energy into complex ions and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) is a powerful technique for characterizing large ions, particularly biologically relevant molecules. Since both SORI-CID and IRMPD are slow activation methods they have many common characteristics. They are also distinctly different because SORI-CID is intrinsically selective (only ions that have a cyclotron frequency close to the frequency of the excitation field are excited), whereas IRMPD is not (all ions that reside on the optical path of the laser are excited). There are advantages and disadvantages to each technique and in many applications they complement each other. In contrast wi...

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Section: Surface-induced Dissociationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of large lons in FT‐ICR mass spectrometry

Laskin

Futrell

2004

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

177

149

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“…Surface-induced dissociation has been implemented in many different instrument platforms including magnetic sector-electric sector (BE)-surface-electric sector quadrupole (EQ), reflectron timeof-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS), Q-surface-Q, TOF-surface-TOF, Q-surface-TOF, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR), and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-ion mobility-surface-induced dissociation-time-of-flight (MALDI-IM-SID-TOF). Information on different types of tandem mass spectrometers used to examine SID phenomena are available in a review from 2001 [8]. Many types of surfaces have been used in these experiments including contaminated metals, graphite, diamond, Langmuir-Blodgett films, and the often-used hydrocarbon, fluorocarbon, and functionalized alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayer (SAM) films illustrated in the inset of Figure 1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that ionsurface reactions can result in a number of chemically interesting phenomena and are not limited to surfaceinduced dissociation. Chemical sputtering, elastic and reactive ion scattering, and soft landing are all prevalent chemical processes that occur in the hyperthermal (1-100 eV) collision energy regime, and descriptions of each can be found in recent reviews [8,9]. The purpose of this article is to focus on ion-surface collisions as they pertain to ion activation, offering a perspective on SID and its application to various systems of interest and to present only a brief description of reactive ion scattering spectrometry (RISS).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-induced dissociation of small molecules, peptides, and non-covalent protein complexes

Wysocki

Joyce

Jones

et al. 2008

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

130

138

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This article provides a perspective on collisions of ions with surfaces, including surfaceinduced dissociation (SID) and reactive ion scattering spectrometry (RISS). The content is organized into sections on surface-induced dissociation of small ions, surface characterization of organic thin films by collision of well-characterized ions into surfaces, the use of SID to probe peptide fragmentation, and the dissociation of large non-covalent complexes by SID. Examples are given from the literature with a focus on experiments from the authors' laboratory. The article is not a comprehensive review but is designed to provide the reader with an overview of the types of results possible by collisions of ions into surfaces. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2008, 19, 190 -208) © 2008 American Society for Mass Spectrometry T andem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is an essential tool for elucidating ion structure. The MS/MS experiment involves mass selection of a precursor ion followed by ion activation and subsequent dissociation. The ion activation step is commonly accomplished via collision-induced dissociation (CID) in which the initial kinetic energy of a projectile ion is converted into internal energy through inelastic collisions with a neutral gas. Several alternative activation methods have been used in tandem mass spectrometry, one of which is surfaceinduced dissociation (SID). SID is analogous to CID, except that a surface replaces the neutral gas as the collision target. A typical ion-surface collision event is illustrated in Figure 1.The incorporation of a surface into a mass spectrometer for ion activation was pioneered in the laboratory of R. Graham Cooks in the mid-1970s and early 1980s [1][2][3]. Since that time, collisions of lowenergy (eV) organic ions with surfaces within the tandem mass spectrometer have been valuable for analyzing surface composition, characterizing reactions between organic projectile ions and surface adsorbates, chemically modifying surfaces, and determining projectile ion structure. A major motivation for development of SID is that energy transfer to ionic projectiles can be improved by increasing the mass of the collision target. The total available energy for transfer into the internal modes of the projectile ion is defined by the center-of-mass energy (E COM ) described by eq 1:where E LAB is the laboratory collision energy and M ION and M N are the masses of the projectile ion and neutral, respectively. Energy transfer in CID is limited by the mass of the collision partner, typically inert gases such as helium, argon, or xenon. In SID, if one assumes that the surface is an infinitely large collision partner, E COM becomes independent of mass and approaches the laboratory collision energy. The assumption that the entire surface can be viewed as the collision partner is not always valid, however, and there are instances where the mass of the terminal groups on the surface influence the amount of energy transfer [4,5]. Nonetheless, the use of a massive surface target should, in theory, provide ...

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“…Another collision-gas-free ion activation method is surface-induced dissociation (SID) [14 -21, 22]. SID occurs by means of the collision of an ion with a surface at hyperthermal energies and has been implemented in many types of mass spectrometers [23], including single-stage and hybrid TOF instrument [24 -26], orthogonal quadrupole configurations (Q SID Q) [27], and FT-ICR MS [28,29]. In recent years, Laskin et al implemented SID in a hybrid tandem-in-space FT-ICR MS that enables MS/MS of ions generated in an external source at high spectral acquisition rates (up to 180 spectra min Ϫ1 ), with high trapping efficiency of fragment ions, well controlled kinetic energy of the precursor ions, and high fragmentation efficiency [30].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein identification via surface-induced dissociation in an FT-ICR mass spectrometer and a patchwork sequencing approach

Fernández

Wysocki

Laskin

2006

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Surface-induced dissociation (SID) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) are ion activation techniques based on energetic collisions with a surface or gas molecule, respectively. One noticeable difference between CID and SID is that SID does not require a collision gas for ion activation and is, therefore, directly compatible with the high vacuum requirement of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometers. Eliminating the introduction of collision gas into the ICR cell for collisional activation dramatically shortens the acquisition time for MS/MS experiments, suggesting that SID could be utilized for high-throughput MS/MS studies in FT-ICR MS. We demonstrate for the first time the utility of SID combined with FT-ICR MS for protein identification. Tryptic digests of standard proteins were analyzed using a hybrid 6-tesla FT-ICR mass spectrometer with SID and CID capabilities. SID spectra of mass-selected singly and doubly charged peptides were obtained using a diamond-coated target mounted at the rear trapping plate of the ICR cell. The broad internal energy distribution deposited into the precursor ion following collision with the diamond surface allowed a variety of fragmentation channels to be accessed by SID. Composition and sequence qualifiers produced by SID of tryptic peptides were used to improve the statistical significance of database searches. Protein identification MASCOT scores obtained using SID were comparable or better than scores obtained using sustained off-resonance irradiation collision-induced dissociation ( A fter the success of the genomics projects, proteomics has become a major research enterprise with the objective to study the functionality and dynamics of protein expression, the correlation between complementary genomes and proteomes, and posttranslational modifications of proteins that cannot be studied by genomics alone [1]. A major focus in proteomics is protein identification, a task that has been significantly accelerated by the advent of modern mass spectrometric technologies [2].Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) provides the highest mass resolution and mass accuracy of present MS technologies and, despite its large size and relatively high purchase and maintenance cost, is now considered one of the most powerful techniques in proteomics research [3]. In the majority of FT-ICR MS proteomic applications, peptide ion activation is achieved by sustained off-resonance irradiation collision-induced dissociation (SORI-CID) [4]. SORI-CID results in sequential activation of the precursor ions by multiple low kinetic energy collisions with a collision gas that is pulsed into the ICR cell. The fast rise in pressure produced by the injection of this collision gas is followed by a long pump down delay (typically 2 to 5 s) to enable fragment ion mass analysis, significantly slowing down the acquisition of MS/MS spectra.In proteomic applications requiring the separation of complex peptide mixtures, FT-ICR MS is commonly coupled ...

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Collisions of ions with surfaces at chemically relevant energies: Instrumentation and phenomena

Cited by 201 publications

References 302 publications

Activation of large lons in FT‐ICR mass spectrometry

Activation of large lons in FT‐ICR mass spectrometry

Surface-induced dissociation of small molecules, peptides, and non-covalent protein complexes

Protein identification via surface-induced dissociation in an FT-ICR mass spectrometer and a patchwork sequencing approach

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