Collective invention during the British Industrial Revolution: the case of the Cornish pumping engine

Abstract

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The Paradox of Openness Revisited: Collaborative Innovation and Patenting by UK Innovators

“…Allen (1983) documents how the sharing of information among competitors in the English blast furnaces industry in 1850-1875 contributed to the innovation and development of the industry. Nuvolari (2004) also studies the collective invention settings in the Cornish mining district in the early period of industrialization, which contributed to the development of one of the key technologies of that period, steam power. that firms that relied upon customers and suppliers for inventions were less likely to patent the focal invention than firms that relied upon internal invention, whereas firms that used inventions from universities, independent inventors and R&D suppliers were more likely to patent the focal invention.…”

How user innovations become commercial products: A theoretical investigation and case study

“…By real-time, we mean that designers learn of other designs in time to influence their decisions to search or not on the next round. Real-time communication coupled with free-revealing of new designs has been observed in communities of sports enthusiasts Shah 2003, Hienerth, 2004); in open source development communities (Raymond 1999, Henkel, 2005, among firms using similar production equipment and processes (Allen 1983, Nuvolari, 2004, and many other settings (Shah, in press). In rodeo kayaking communities, for example, communication and free-revealing are achieved via frequent joint excursions by members, during which the performance of any innovations can be observed, and the innovations themselves are examined in detail by all who are interested.…”

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“…Социальная и экономиче-ская эффективность системы, в которой инновации разрабатываются индивидуальными пользователя-ми, повышается, если происходят обмен результа-тами инновационной деятельности и их диффузия [NESTA, 2010]. Для пользовательских инноваций свободное распространение итогов деятельности яв-ляется распространенной практикой, что отражено во множестве исследований [von Hippel, Finkelstein, 1979;Raymond, 1999;Nuvolari, 2004;Morrison et al, 2000;Franke, Shah, 2003, и др. ].…”