Collective Intentions and Collective Moral Responsibility

Smiley, Marion

doi:10.4324/9781315768571-30

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…As demonstrated in the present study, although the participants had no personal contribution to transgressions in the Observe conditions, they shared greater moral responsibility for transgressions committed by in-group partners than out-group partners, and this vicarious responsibility was positively associated with the guilt rating ( In-group_ Observe > Out-group_ Observe ). These results are consistent with the shared responsibility account of group-based guilt (Smiley, 2017; Tollefsen, 2006): that individuals who identify themselves with a group acting badly would feel jointly responsible for the bad behaviors of the group. According to social identity theory (Tajfel and Turner, 1986), when people categorize themselves as a member of a group, and internalize the group component into self-concept, the actions of other in-group members will have a direct influence on self-perception.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…As individuals rarely engage in social interactions without social identity or association (Mesquita, Boiger, and De Leersnyder, 2016; Tajfel and Turner, 1986), social emotions arising from such interactions are often tainted by group identity and inter-group appraisals (Mackie, Smith, and Ray, 2008; Smith and Mackie, 2015). Well-known cases of group-based or collective social emotions have been widely debated and reflected upon theoretically (Tollefsen, 2003; Smiley, 2017), and have received considerable empirical investigation in the past decades (Branscombe, Slugoski, and Kappen, 2004; Doosje, Branscombe, Spears, and Manstead, 1998; Ferguson and Branscombe, 2014; Wohl, Branscombe, and Klar, 2006). In this line of research, the most frequently used method for inducing group-based guilt is scenario-based imagination or recall of historical events involving intergroup conflict (Brown, González, Zagefka, Manzi, and Čehajić, 2008; Doosje et al, 1998; McGarty et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Guilty by association: How group-based (collective) guilt arises in the brain

Zhou

et al. 2019

Preprint

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People do not only feel guilty for transgressions of social norms/expectations that they are causally responsible for, but they also feel guilty for transgressions committed by those they identify as in-group (i.e., collective or group-based guilt). However, the neurocognitive basis of group-based guilt and its relation to personal guilt are unknown. To address these questions, we combined functional MRI with an interaction-based minimal group paradigm in which participants either directly caused harm to victims (i.e., personal guilt), or observed in-group members cause harm to the victims (i.e., group-based guilt). In three experiments (N = 90), we demonstrated that perceived shared responsibility with in-group members in the transgression predicted behavioral and neural manifestations of group-based guilt. Multivariate pattern analysis of the functional MRI data showed that group-based guilt recruited a similar brain representation in anterior middle cingulate cortex as personal guilt. These results have broaden our understanding of how group membership is integrated into social emotions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guilty by association: How group-based (collective) guilt arises in the brain

Zhou

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Regarding collective responsibility, some philosophers have started to talk in terms of duties to collectivise (Collins 2013;Collins and Lawford-Smith 2016;Smiley 2017). Given the current state of the engineering profession in the UK, there is a strong case for arguing that, if anyone has a duty to collectivise, it is engineers because there is a need to strengthen the profession.…”

Section: This Section Addresses Rq3) To What Degree Did Narratives Reflect Various Philosophical Stances On Ethics and Responsibility Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Above and beyond: ethics and responsibility in civil engineering

Chance

Lawlor

Direito

et al. 2021

Australasian Journal of Engineering Education

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This exploratory study investigates how nine London-based civil engineers have enacted 'global responsibility' and how their efforts involve ethics and professionalism. The study assesses moral philosophies related to ethics, as well as professional engineering bodies' visions, accreditation standards, and requirements for continuing professional development.Regarding ethics, the study questions where the line falls between what an engineer 'must do' and what 'would be good to do'. Although the term ethics did not spring to mind when participants were asked about making decisions related to global responsibility, participants' concern for protecting the environment and making life better for people did, nonetheless, demonstrate clear ethical concern. Participants found means and mandates for protecting the health and safety of construction workers to be clearer than those for protecting society and the natural environment. Specific paths for reporting observed ethical infringements were not always clear. As such, angalyses suggest that today's shared sense of professional duty and obligation may be too limited to achieve goals set by engineering professional bodies and the United Nations. Moreover, although professional and educational accreditation standards have traditionally embedded ethics within sustainability, interviews indicate sustainability is a construct embedded within ethics.

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“…167 Limited efforts were made to develop viable counter-models. 168 The idea that crimes against international law can be committed by 'abstract legal entities' was only re-considered recently. 169 The famous Nuremberg dictum is open to challenge.…”

Section: Concluding Reflectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liberals vs. Romantics: Challenges of an Emerging Corporate International Criminal Law

Stahn

2018

SSRN Journal

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Holding bystanders and corporate agents accountable for international crimes is often at the periphery of international criminal justice. Based on its liberal foundations, international criminal law has traditionally been strongly centered on individual agency. In the industrialist cases after World War II, individual criminal responsibility was used to demonstrate and sanction corporate involvement in crime. Ideas of corporate criminal responsibility have been voiced in the postwar era and in the context of the negotiations of the Statute. In recent years, they have witnessed a renaissance in several contexts: the jurisprudence of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon, the Malabo Protocol of the African Union and the Draft Articles of the International law Commission on Crimes Against Humanity. This contribution examines the strengths and weaknesses of individualized and collective approaches towards corporate wrongdoing. It argues that the way forward requires less 'romanticism' and more realism. The appropriate space of corporate criminal responsibility needs to be defined better. The concept is still most developed in domestic jurisdictions. Its role at the international level is likely to remain modest. The main challenge is to develop the interplay between individual and collective responsibility, and to assess more carefully in what areas and in what forums collective responsibility may be pursued best.

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Collective Intentions and Collective Moral Responsibility

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Guilty by association: How group-based (collective) guilt arises in the brain

Guilty by association: How group-based (collective) guilt arises in the brain

Above and beyond: ethics and responsibility in civil engineering

Liberals vs. Romantics: Challenges of an Emerging Corporate International Criminal Law

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