Collection of Viable Aerosolized Influenza Virus and Other Respiratory Viruses in a Student Health Care Center through Water-Based Condensation Growth

Pan, Maohua; Bonny, Tania S.; Loeb, Julia C.; Jiang, Xiao; Lednicky, John A.; Eiguren-Fernandez, Arantzazu; Hering, Susanne V.; Fan, Z. Hugh; Wu, Chang‐Yu

doi:10.1128/msphere.00251-17

Cited by 41 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…For laboratory-generated infectious IAV, the GTC's collection efficiency was seven times higher than that of the BioSampler . For realworld sampling, the GTC collected more types of airborne viruses and higher quantities per sampling run than the BioSampler (Pan et al 2017). These results indicate the GTC can be used for surveillance of airborne viruses.…”

Section: Water-based Condensationmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Although droplet infection is the commonly described mode of transmission for influenza viruses, they have also been detected in aerosols 'far away' (>1 m) from infected patients in a few studies. For example, influenza A H1N1 and H3N2, and B viruses, were collected by a water-based sampler located >2 m from patients in a student infirmary (Pan et al 2017), and airborne influenza A H3N2 was collected by a Sioutas impactor 3Á7 m away from sick individuals (Lednicky and Loeb 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Collection, particle sizing and detection of airborne viruses

2019

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Viruses that affect humans, animals and plants are often dispersed and transmitted through airborne routes of infection. Due to current technological deficiencies, accurate determination of the presence of airborne viruses is challenging. This shortcoming limits our ability to evaluate the actual threat arising from inhalation or other relevant contact with aerosolized viruses. To improve our understanding of the mechanisms of airborne transmission of viruses, air sampling technologies that can detect the presence of aerosolized viruses, effectively collect them and maintain their viability, and determine their distribution in aerosol particles, are needed. The latest developments in sampling and detection methodologies for airborne viruses, their limitations, factors that can affect their performance and current research needs, are discussed in this review. Much more work is needed on the establishment of standard air sampling methods and their performance requirements. Sampling devices that can collect a wide size range of virus‐containing aerosols and maintain the viability of the collected viruses are needed. Ideally, the devices would be portable and technology‐enabled for on‐the‐spot detection and rapid identification of the viruses. Broad understanding of the airborne transmission of viruses is of seminal importance for the establishment of better infection control strategies.

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Section: Water-based Condensationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collection, particle sizing and detection of airborne viruses

2019

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“…https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008362.g001 the tunnel opening), with a decline in plaque count seen by plate 2 (at 60cm) and plate 3 (at 90cm) Following 10-minutes exposure of cell culture plates to nebulised particles, we sampled any non-sedimenting aerosols from the air within the IVTT into an SKC Biosampler. The SKC Biosampler, which can collect particles with aerodynamic diameter of 0.3μm to 8μm [17,18], is a device that has been previously used for collection of viable airborne influenza viruses and cited to be one of the more efficient available methods [19], being used as a standard with which to compare other techniques [20][21][22]. No infectious virus was collected from the air sample, whereas tracer DNA and viral RNA were detected (S1 Fig).…”

Section: Establishing a System To Collect Infectious Influenza Virus mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterising viable virus from air exhaled by H1N1 influenza-infected ferrets reveals the importance of haemagglutinin stability for airborne infectivity

et al. 2020

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The transmissibility and pandemic potential of influenza viruses depends on their ability to efficiently replicate and be released from an infected host, retain viability as they pass through the environment, and then initiate infection in the next host. There is a significant gap in knowledge about viral properties that enable survival of influenza viruses between hosts, due to a lack of experimental methods to reliably isolate viable virus from the air. Using a novel technique, we isolate and characterise infectious virus from droplets emitted by 2009 pandemic H1N1-infected ferrets. We demonstrate that infectious virus is predominantly released early after infection. A virus containing a mutation destabilising the haemagglutinin (HA) surface protein displayed reduced survival in air. Infectious virus recovered from droplets exhaled by ferrets inoculated with this virus contained mutations that conferred restabilisation of HA, indicating the importance of influenza HA stability for betweenhost survival. Using this unique approach can improve knowledge about the determinants and mechanisms of influenza transmissibility and ultimately could be applied to studies of airborne virus exhaled from infected people.

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“…Previous studies have reported detection of influenza and other respiratory virus-laden particles in the exhaled breath of symptomatic patients [12][13][14][15] or in air sampled at healthcare facilities [16][17][18][19]. It is currently unknown if people with mild or subclinical respiratory infections, who are capable to continue their daily activities in the community without substantial impediment, may also release virus-laden particles with airborne transmission potential.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses in Air Sampled From a University Campus: A Longitudinal Study

Xie

Lau

Yoshida

et al. 2019

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Background. Respiratory virus-laden particles are commonly detected in the exhaled breath of symptomatic patients or in air sampled from healthcare settings. However, the temporal relationship of detecting virus-laden particles at nonhealthcare locations vs surveillance data obtained by conventional means has not been fully assessed.Methods. From October 2016 to June 2018, air was sampled weekly from a university campus in Hong Kong. Viral genomes were detected and quantified by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Logistic regression models were fitted to examine the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of ecological and environmental factors associated with the detection of virus-laden airborne particles.Results. Influenza A (16.9% [117/694]) and influenza B (4.5% [31/694]) viruses were detected at higher frequencies in air than rhinovirus (2.2% [6/270]), respiratory syncytial virus (0.4% [1/270]), or human coronaviruses (0% [0/270]). Multivariate analyses showed that increased crowdedness (aOR, 2.3 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.5-3.8]; P < .001) and higher indoor temperature (aOR, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.1-1.3]; P < .001) were associated with detection of influenza airborne particles, but absolute humidity was not (aOR, 0.9 [95% CI, .7-1.1]; P = .213). Higher copies of influenza viral genome were detected from airborne particles >4 μm in spring and <1 μm in autumn. Influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B viruses that caused epidemics during the study period were detected in air prior to observing increased influenza activities in the community.Conclusions. Air sampling as a surveillance tool for monitoring influenza activity at public locations may provide early detection signals on influenza viruses that circulate in the community.

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Collection of Viable Aerosolized Influenza Virus and Other Respiratory Viruses in a Student Health Care Center through Water-Based Condensation Growth

Cited by 41 publications

References 30 publications

Collection, particle sizing and detection of airborne viruses

Collection, particle sizing and detection of airborne viruses

Characterising viable virus from air exhaled by H1N1 influenza-infected ferrets reveals the importance of haemagglutinin stability for airborne infectivity

Detection of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses in Air Sampled From a University Campus: A Longitudinal Study

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