Collection of normative data for spatial and temporal gait parameters in a sample of French children aged between 6 and 12

Thévenon, A.; Gabrielli, François; Lepvrier, J.; Faupin, Arnaud; Allart, Étienne; Tiffreau, V.; Wieczorek, V.

doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2015.04.001

Cited by 37 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A tentative answer is that the lateral ‘shrinking’ of the CoM trajectory, relative to body height, reflects the maturation of balance control. This is consistent with the results showing that the absolute width of the base of support is invariant (Thevenon et al , 2015) or even decreasing as age increases (Hallemans et al , 2018). The narrowing of the CoM path therefore makes oscillations over a support base safer as they become relatively narrower with body elongation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Three-dimensional path of the body centre of mass during walking in children: an index of neural maturation

Malloggi

Rota

Catino

et al. 2019

International Journal of Rehabilitation Research

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Few studies have investigated the kinematic aspects of the body centre of mass motion, that is, its three-dimensional path during strides and their changes with child development. This study aimed to describe the three-dimensional path of the centre of mass in children while walking in order to disentangle the effect of age from that of absolute forward speed and body size and to define preliminary pediatric normative values. The three-dimensional path of the centre of mass during walking was compared across healthy children 5–6− years ( n = 6), 7–8 years ( n = 6), 9–10 years ( n = 5), and 11–13 years of age ( n = 5) and healthy adults (23–48 years, n = 6). Participants walked on a force-sensing treadmill at various speeds, and height normalization of speed was conducted with the dimensionless Froude number. The total length and maximal lateral, vertical, and forward displacements of the centre of mass path were calculated from the ground reaction forces during complete strides and were scaled to the participant’s height. The centre of mass path showed a curved figure-of-eight shape. Once adjusted for speed and participants’ height, as age increased, there was a decrease in the three-dimensional parameters and in the lateral displacement, with values approaching those of adults. At each step, lateral redirection of the centre of mass requires brisk transient muscle power output. The base of support becomes relatively narrower with increasing age. Skilled shortening of the lateral displacement of the centre of mass may therefore decrease the risk of falling sideways. The three-dimensional path of the centre of mass may represent maturation of neural control of gait during growth.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Three-dimensional path of the body centre of mass during walking in children: an index of neural maturation

Malloggi

Rota

Catino

et al. 2019

International Journal of Rehabilitation Research

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“…Overall, there was high or moderate intrasubject reliability of 10 MWT for all ages (ICC from 0.70 to 0.89), and the mean velocity in the fV10 condition is similar to those obtained in studies with typical children and adolescents [19,26]. There is a lack of comparable results about reliability in the literature involving typical children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Methods of 10-Meter Walk Test and Repercussions for Reliability Obtained in Typically Developing Children

Baptista

Vicente

Souza

et al. 2020

Rehabilitation Research and Practice

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Introduction. Research and clinical settings use the 10-meter walk test (10MWT) to measure locomotor capacity with considerable methodological diversity. Comparison between healthy and disabled children is frequent; however, the reproducibility of 10MWT using different methods is unknown. Objectives. This study analysed intrasubject, test-retest reliability, and agreement of four methods of 10MWT, exploring the influence of pace, acceleration-deceleration phases, and anthropometric measurements when calculating mean velocity. Methods. This cross-sectional study evaluated 120 typical children, both sexes, aged 6, 8, 10, and 12 (n=30 for each age). The mean times and velocities of the path (10 m) and middle path (6 m) obtained at a self-selected and fast pace were analysed. Initial assessment and another after seven days recorded three measurements per method (sV6 = self-selected pace and 6 m; sV10 = self-selected pace and 10 m; fV6 = fast pace and 6 m; fV10 = fast pace and 10 m). Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), multiple regression, and Snedecor-F test (5% significance level) were used. Results. The fV10 method had high intrasubject reliability for all tested ages (0.70<ICC>0.89); sV10 exhibited high intrasubject reliability for ages 6, 8, and 12 (0.70<ICC>0.89) and moderate for age 10 (0.50<ICC<0.69).Test-retest reliability at sV6 and fV6 did not reach high ICC in any tested ages. The test-retest reliability at sV10 and fV10 was moderate for ages 6, 8, and 12 (0.50<ICC>0.69) and poor for age 10 (0.25<ICC>0.49). There was no agreement between methods: sV6 versus sV10 (mean difference=0.91 m/s; SEM=0.036); fV6 versus fV10 (mean difference=1.70; SEM=0.046). The fV6 method versus fV10 overestimated the velocity (bias=1.70 m/s). Conclusions. For typical children, the method that ensured the highest intrasubject reliability used fast pace and 10 m. Moreover, test-retest reliability increased when adopting 10 m at both self-selected and fast pace. The methods were not equivalent but were related, and those that did not compute the entire pathway overestimated the results.

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“…Characteristics of the 25 included studies comparing measures of balance performance in boys and girls are shown in Table 4. Twelve studies [22, 24, 45, 56–64] examined variables of static steady-state balance, five studies [49, 65–68] analyzed outcomes of dynamic steady-state balance, four studies [23, 52, 69, 70] examined outcomes of proactive balance, two studies [21, 71] reported proxies of both static and dynamic steady-state balance, and two studies [72, 73] scrutinized measures of static steady-state and proactive balance. No study reported outcomes of reactive balance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and sex differences in human balance performance from 6-18 years of age: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2019

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Background The process of growing leads to inter-individual differences in the timing of growth, maturational, and developmental processes during childhood and adolescence, also affecting balance performance in youth. However, differences in balance performance by age and sex in youth have not been systematically investigated yet. Objective The objective of the present study was to characterize and quantify age- and sex-related differences in balance performance in healthy youth. Methods A computerized systematic literature search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus. To be applicable for analysis, studies had to report at least one measure of static steady-state, dynamic steady-state, proactive or reactive balance in healthy children (6–12 years) and/or adolescents (13–18 years). Coding of the studies was done according to the following criteria: age, sex, and balance outcome. Study quality was assessed using the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. Weighted standardized mean differences were calculated and classified according to their magnitude. Results Twenty-one studies examined age-related differences in balance performance. A large effect for measures of static steady-state balance (SMD ba = 1.20) and small effects for proxies of dynamic steady-state (SMD ba = 0.26) and proactive balance (SMD ba = 0.28) were found; all in favor of adolescents. Twenty-five studies investigated sex-related differences in balance performance. A small-sized effect was observed for static steady-state balance (SMD bs = 0.33) in favor of girls and for dynamic steady-state (SMD bs -0.02) and proactive balance (SMD bs = -0.15) in favor of boys. Due to a lack of studies, no analysis for measures of reactive balance was performed. Conclusions Our systematic review and meta-analysis revealed better balance performances in adolescents compared to children, irrespective of the measure considered. Sex-related differences were inconsistent. These findings may have implications for example in terms of trainability of balance in youth that should be investigated in future studies.

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Collection of normative data for spatial and temporal gait parameters in a sample of French children aged between 6 and 12

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

Three-dimensional path of the body centre of mass during walking in children: an index of neural maturation

Three-dimensional path of the body centre of mass during walking in children: an index of neural maturation

Methods of 10-Meter Walk Test and Repercussions for Reliability Obtained in Typically Developing Children

Age and sex differences in human balance performance from 6-18 years of age: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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