Collection of human and environmental data on pesticide use in Europe and Argentina: Field study protocol for the SPRINT project

Silva, Vera; Alaoui, Abdallah; Schlünssen, Vivi; Vested, Anne; Graumans, Martien H.F.; Dael, Maurice van; Trevisan, Marco; Suciu, Nicoleta; Mol, Hans; Beekmann, Karsten; Figueiredo, Daniel; Harkes, Paula; Hofman, Jakub; Kandeler, Ellen; Abrantes, Nélson; Campos, Isabel; Martı́nez, M.A.; Pereira, Joana Luísa; Gandrass, Juergen; Debler, Freya; Lwanga, Esperanza Huerta; Jonker, Marlot; Langevelde, Frank van; Sørensen, Martin Tang; Wells, Jerry M.; Boekhorst, Jos; Huss, Anke; Mandrioli, Daniele; Sgargi, Daria; Nathanail, Paul; Nathanail, Judith; Tamm, Lucius; Fantke, Peter; Mark, Jennifer; Grovermann, Christian; Frelih-Larsen, Ana; Herb, Irina; Chivers, Charlotte‐Anne; Mills, Jane; Alcón, Francisco; Contreras, J.; Baldi, Isabelle; Pasković, Igor; Glavan, Matjaž; Nørgaard, Trine; Aparicio, Virginia; Ritsema, C.J.; Geissen, Violette; Scheepers, Paul T.J.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0259748

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…In 25% of the topsoils, a single pesticide residue was quantified while 58% of the topsoils had multiple residues present. Results indicate a predominance of mixtures of a few residues in soil (2)(3)(4)(5) relative to mixtures of moderate (6)(7)(8)(9)(10) or large numbers of residues (>10; Fig. 2…”

Section: Number Of Pesticide Residues In Soilmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The intensive production originates mostly from conventional farms, supported by the use of pesticides. Organic agriculture represents 22% of the cultivated area in the region 2 and organic output is increasing steadily 3 . Cartagena has a semi-arid climate with a mean annual temperature of 17.5⁰C, and mean annual precipitation of 280 mm.…”

Section: Study Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The final list consisted of 76 pesticide residues (34 insecticides, 27 fungicides and 15 herbicide residues; Table S2. 3), from now on called analytes, which were analyzed in each of the 317 topsoil samples. A subset of the analysis, namely the glyphosate and AMPA results, has been recently published in .…”

Section: Selection Of the Pesticide Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the validation parameters and quality control criteria were in line with those described in the guidance document for pesticides residues analysis in food and feed (EC, 2015a). Briefly, glyphosate and AMPA analytes were identified according to the retention time and peak shape of isotopically-labeled internal standards, glyphosate (1,(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) C, 15 N) and AMPA ( 13 C, 15 N). Two transitions were measured by analyte [the quantification (Qn) and confirmation transitions (Ql)], and all positive results/samples presented an ion ratio of the two transitions within ± 30% of the mean ion ratio of the solvent standards.…”

Section: Glyphosate and Ampa Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such PECs are calculated based on worst-case conditions and are used in the review process of individual active substances. PECs are calculated for the main crops to which the substance is applied, considering recommended application rates (highest dose per application, highest number of applications and the lowest applications interval), a default soil bulk density (1.5 g/cm 3 ) and tillage depth (5 cm for permanent crops and 20 cm for annual crops), typical interception fractions by plants, and the longest degradation rates of the substance in soil from laboratory or field studies (Ockleford et al, 2017). The conclusion report of each approved active substance includes the initial PECs (immediately after pesticide application), short and long-term PECs (1-4 and 7-100 days after application, respectively), and PECs accumulated (sum of PECs initial and plateau concentrations).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pesticide residues in EU soils and related risks

Silva¹

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Pesticide use is a major foundation of the agricultural intensification observed over the last few decades. As a result, soil contamination by pesticide residues has become an issue of increasing concern due to some pesticides' high soil persistence and toxicity to non-target species. In this study, the distribution of 76 pesticide residues was evaluated in 317 agricultural topsoil samples from across the European Union. The soils were collected in 2015 and originated from 11 EU Member States and 6 main cropping systems. Over 80% of the tested soils contained pesticide residues (25% of samples had 1 residue, 58% of samples had mixtures of two or more residues), in a total of 166 different pesticide combinations. Glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA, DDTs (DDT and its metabolites), and the broad-spectrum fungicides boscalid, epoxiconazole, and tebuconazole were the compounds most frequently found in the soil samples and the compounds found at the highest concentrations. These compounds occasionally exceeded their predicted environmental concentrations in soil but were below the respective toxic endpoints for standard in-soil organisms. The maximum individual pesticide content assessed in a soil sample was 2.05 mg/kg, the maximum total pesticide content was 2.87 mg/kg. This study reveals that the presence of mixtures of pesticide residues in soils is the rule rather than the exception, indicating that environmental risk assessment procedures should be adapted accordingly to minimize related risks to soil life and beyond. This information can be used to implement monitoring programs for pesticide residues in soil and to trigger toxicity assessments of mixtures of pesticide residues on a wider range of soil species to perform more comprehensive and accurate risk assessments.

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Section: Number Of Pesticide Residues In Soilmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Study Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selection Of the Pesticide Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Glyphosate and Ampa Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pesticide residues in EU soils and related risks

Silva¹

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Development of an analytical method for the determination of more than 300 pesticides and metabolites in the particulate and gaseous phase of ambient air

Debler,

Gandrass

2024

Anal Bioanal Chem

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Pesticides can enter the atmosphere during spraying or after application, resulting in environmental or human exposure. The study describes the optimisation and validation of analytical methods for the determination of more than 300 pesticides in the particulate and gaseous phases of the air. Pesticides were sampled with high-volume air samplers on glass-fibre filters (GFFs) and glass columns filled with polyurethane foam (PUF) and XAD-2 resin. Comparing different extraction methods, a QuEChERS extraction with acetonitrile was selected for the GFFs. For the PUF/XAD-2 columns, a cold-column extraction with dichloromethane was used. Instrumental determination was performed using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-QTOF) and gas chromatography/electron impact ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry (GC/EI-MS/MS). Recovery experiments showed recovery rates between 70 and 120% for 263 compounds on the GFFs and 75 compounds on the PUF/XAD-2 columns. Semi-quantitative determination was performed for 39 compounds on the GFFs and 110 compounds on the PUF/XAD-2 columns. Finally, 27 compounds on the GFFs and 138 compounds on the PUF/XAD-2 columns could be determined only qualitatively. For the determination of the PUF/XAD-2 samples, signal suppression (LC) or signal enhancement (GC) due to matrix effects were determined. Method quantification limits of the optimised methods ranged from 30 to 240 pg/m3 for the target compounds on the GFFs, and from 8 to 60 pg/m3 on the PUF/XAD-2 columns. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by means of environmental air samples from an agricultural area in the Netherlands.

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