Collected Writings of P.G. O'Neill

O’Neill, P. G.

doi:10.4324/9781315073323

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…That said, these numbers are poised to increase in the coming years as cell-based and cell-free technologies for glycoengineering recombinant vaccines, such as those described here and elsewhere, 25 reach full maturity. As part of this maturation, it is imperative to continue growing the pipeline with as many promising anti-bacterial vaccine candidates as possible, especially as diarrheal and other vaccinepreventable diseases continue to be unmet challenges and as drug-resistant bacteria are predicted to threaten up to 10 million lives per year by 2050 44 . Second, all ETEC vaccines to enter clinical testing thus far are focused on the classical paradigm of ETEC pathogenesis and attempt to induce immune responses to select colonization factor (CF/CS) antigens and LT [8][9][10][11] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A low-cost recombinant glycoconjugate vaccine confers immunogenicity and protection against enterotoxigenicEscherichia coliinfections in mice

Williams

Warfel

Desai

et al. 2022

Preprint

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EnterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) is the primary etiologic agent of traveler's diarrhea and a major cause of diarrheal disease and death worldwide, especially in infants and young children. Despite significant efforts over the past several decades, an affordable vaccine that significantly reduces mortality and morbidity associated with moderate to severe diarrhea among children under the age of 5 years remains an unmet aspirational goal. Here, we describe robust, cost-effective biosynthetic routes that leverage glycoengineered strains of non-pathogenicEscherichia colior their cell-free extracts for producing conjugate vaccine candidates against two of the most prevalent O serogroups of ETEC, O148 and O78. Specifically, we demonstrate site-specific installation of O-antigen polysaccharides (O-PS) corresponding to these serogroups onto licensed carrier proteins using the oligosaccharyltransferase PglB fromCampylobacter jejuni. The resulting conjugates stimulate strong O-PS-specific humoral responses in mice and elicit IgG antibodies that possess bactericidal activity against the cognate pathogens. We also show that one of the prototype conjugates decorated with serogroup O148 O-PS confers protection against ETEC infection in mice. We anticipate that our bacterial cell-based and cell-free platforms will enable creation of multivalent formulations with the potential for broad ETEC serogroup protection and increased access through low-cost biomanufacturing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A low-cost recombinant glycoconjugate vaccine confers immunogenicity and protection against enterotoxigenicEscherichia coliinfections in mice

Williams

Warfel

Desai

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…We documented whether studies were focused on populations who are at risk or experiencing barriers to health and social care or health inequities across age, gender or sex, ethnicity, income, or other factors. We used the PROGRESS-Plus acronym to describe factors associated with health inequities (O'Neill, 2014).…”

Section: Equity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness in older adults: An evidence and gap map

Welch,

Ghogomu,

Barbeau

et al. 2023

Campbell Systematic Reviews

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BackgroundSocial isolation and loneliness are more common in older adults and are associated with a serious impact on their well‐being, mental health, physical health, and longevity. They are a public health concern highlighted by the COVID‐19 pandemic restrictions, hence the need for digital technology tools to enable remotely delivered interventions to alleviate the impact of social isolation and loneliness during the COVID‐19 restrictions.ObjectivesTo map available evidence on the effects of digital interventions to mitigate social isolation and/or loneliness in older adults in all settings except hospital settings.Search MethodsWe searched the following databases from inception to May 16, 2021, with no language restrictions. Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycInfo via Ovid, CINAHL via EBSCO, Web of Science via Clarivate, ProQuest (all databases), International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) via ProQuest, EBSCO (all databases except CINAHL), Global Index Medicus, and Epistemonikos.Selection CriteriaTitles and abstracts and full text of potentially eligible articles were independently screened in duplicate following the eligibility criteria.Data Collection and AnalysisWe developed and pilot tested a data extraction code set in Eppi‐Reviewer and data were individually extracted and coded based on an intervention‐outcome framework which was also used to define the dimensions of the evidence and gap map.Main ResultsWe included 200 articles (103 primary studies and 97 systematic reviews) that assessed the effects of digital interventions to reduce social isolation and/or loneliness in older adults. Most of the systematic reviews (72%) were classified as critically low quality, only 2% as high quality and 25% were published since the COVID‐19 pandemic. The evidence is unevenly distributed with clusters predominantly in high‐income countries and none in low‐income countries. The most common interventions identified are digital interventions to enhance social interactions with family and friends and the community via videoconferencing and telephone calls. Digital interventions to enhance social support, particularly socially assistive robots, and virtual pets were also common. Most interventions focused on reducing loneliness and depression and improving quality of life of older adults. Major gaps were identified in community level outcomes and process indicators. No included studies or reviews assessed affordability or digital divide although the value of accessibility and barriers caused by digital divide were discussed in three primary studies and three reviews. Adverse effects were reported in only two studies and six reviews. No study or review included participants from the LGBTQIA2S+ community and only one study restricted participants to 80 years and older. Very few described how at‐risk populations were recruited or conducted any equity analysis to assess differences in effects for populations experiencing inequities across PROGRESS‐Plus categories.Authors' ConclusionsThe restrictions placed on people during the pandemic have shone a spotlight onto social isolation and loneliness, particularly for older adults. This evidence and gap map shows available evidence on the effectiveness of digital interventions for reducing social isolation or loneliness in older adults. Although the evidence is relatively large and recent, it is unevenly distributed and there is need for more high‐quality research. This map can guide researchers and funders to consider areas of major gaps as priorities for further research.

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“…We used the PROGRESS Plus framework (O'Neill, 2014) to guide data extraction of participant characteristics of eligible and targeted populations within the included studies. We hoped to use this information to describe and assess categories of disadvantage based around place of residence, race/ethnicity, occupation, gender, religion, education, socioeconomic status, social capital, other personal characteristics, for example, cognitive decline, and relationship features, however, the information we were able to retrieve was very limited.…”

Section: Equity Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used the progress plus framework (O'Neill, 2014) , increased intergenerational understanding (Underwood, 2006;Zucchero, 2010), appreciation of the opportunity to share stories (Chonody, 2013), opportunity to serve as a role model and mentor and form mutual relationships (Zucchero, 2010), and decreased depressive symptoms . Given that both life review through writing and intergenerational programs offer therapeutic benefits for older adults, combining the two interventions may multiply their benefits.…”

Section: Equitymentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the effect of intergenerational activities on the wellbeing and mental health of older people?: A systematic review

Whear,

Campbell,

Rogers

et al. 2023

Campbell Systematic Reviews

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BackgroundOpportunities for social connection between generations have diminished over the last few decades around the world as a result of changes in the way that we live and work. The COVID‐19 pandemic has exacerbated loneliness for many with young and old being kept apart for safety. The Public Health England prevention concordat for better mental health (Office for Health Improvement and Disparities) aims to bring a prevention‐focused approach to improving public mental health. The concordat promotes evidence‐based planning and commissioning to increase the impact on reducing health inequalities using sustainable and cost‐effective interventions that impact on the wider determinants of mental health and wellbeing for children and young people and older people. Intergenerational activities could provide an opportunity to support both populations. In 2023, we produced an evidence and gap map to illustrate the amount and variety of research on intergenerational interventions and the gaps in research that still exist in this area. The review conducted here is based on the evidence in that map.ObjectivesThis systematic review examines the impact of intergenerational interventions on the wellbeing and mental health of older people and identifies areas for future research as well as key messages for service commissioners.Search MethodsWe searched an evidence and gap map published in 2022 (comprehensive searches conducted July 2021 and updated June 2023) to identify randomised controlled trials of intergenerational interventions that report mental health and wellbeing outcomes for older people.Selection CriteriaRandomised controlled trials of intergenerational interventions that involved unrelated younger and older people with at least one skipped generation between them and reported mental health or wellbeing outcomes for older people were included in this review.Data Collection and AnalysisWe used standard methodological procedures expected by The Campbell Collaboration. We conducted data extraction and Cochrane risk of bias assessments in EPPI reviewer. Where data allowed meta‐analyses were conducted in STATA.Main ResultsThis review includes 14 trials from six different countries. The trials had some important methodological weaknesses. Interventions were mainly delivered in‐person and often in groups. They included visiting programmes, school volunteering programmes, music‐based interventions and task‐oriented interventions such as activities set in a multigenerational park, reminiscing activities, aggression management programmes, learning a language, making local environmental changes and in‐school project work. Intergenerational interventions showed a small positive trend towards improving self‐esteem (effect size [ES]: 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.35, 1.01) and depression (ES: 0.19, 95% CI: −0.23, 0.60) for older people participating. However, due to the small study sizes and low number of studies available, we cannot be confident about any effects. The results for other mental health and wellbeing outcomes are reported but due to little overlap in similar assessments across the studies, we could not combine them to assess the strength of evidence. There were no data about social isolation, spiritual health or sense of community. There are no long‐term studies and no data on equity. We still know very little about what works and how or why. Whilst some interventions do use theories and logic to inform their development others do not. More exploration of this is needed.Authors’ ConclusionsCommissioners and intervention developers should ensure interventions provide sufficient theoretical evidence for the logic behind the proposed intervention and should improve their consideration of equity within the interventions Research on intergenerational interventions need more consistent and agreed measures for reporting outcomes including community outcomes (core outcome sets). More understanding is needed on how best to measure ‘community’ outcomes. Research on intergenerational interventions should measure outcomes for BOTH the older and younger population engaged in the intervention—these may or may not be the same outcomes reflected in both populations. Further research is needed on the long‐term impact of interventions on outcomes (whether participants need to keep being involved in an ‘intervention’ to continue to benefit) and sustainability of interventions beyond the initial funding of the research project. Supporting this our stakeholders highlighted that interventions that are initiated for research and then end (usually within a year) are not helpful.

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Collected Writings of P.G. O'Neill

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

A low-cost recombinant glycoconjugate vaccine confers immunogenicity and protection against enterotoxigenicEscherichia coliinfections in mice

A low-cost recombinant glycoconjugate vaccine confers immunogenicity and protection against enterotoxigenicEscherichia coliinfections in mice

Digital interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness in older adults: An evidence and gap map

What is the effect of intergenerational activities on the wellbeing and mental health of older people?: A systematic review

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