Collagenase ? A marker enzyme in human bladder cancer?

Wirl, Gerhard; Frick, Jacob

doi:10.1007/bf00254689

Cited by 51 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The level of collagenase was found to correlate with the aggressiveness of the tumour (Wirl & Frick, 1979). A type IV collagenase was demonstrated in migrating endothelial cells and especially in metastatic tumour cells (Kalebic et al, 1983) and the amount of this enzyme was found to be increased in highly metastatic tumour cells .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Collagen IV staining pattern in bladder carcinomas: relationship to prognosis

Daher¹,

Abourachid²,

Bove³

et al. 1987

Br J Cancer

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A prospective study of type IV collagen in urothelial tissues was undertaken using an immunoperoxidase method on 125 ethanol fixed specimens. In normal and non cancerous urothelium, the basement membrane was continuously stained and the same pattern was seen in the 27 superficial carcinomas. In the 48 invasive bladder carcinomas, we observed two patterns of staining for collagen IV: in the first one, the staining line was conserved or partially fragmented (28 tumours), while in the second one the staining line was widely fragmented or absent in more than 5% of the tumour area (20 tumours). We found a highly significant statistical correlation between the pattern of staining and short term prognosis. Twenty-nine patients had an assessable follow-up of three years at least. All 16 patients with pattern I staining were alive at two years while only two out of 13 patients with pattern II staining survived two years (P less than 0.0001). At three years, all the patients with pattern II staining died while 11 patients with pattern I were still alive (P less than 0.001). These data provisionally indicate that the type IV collagen staining pattern may be of prognostic value in assessing the short term behaviour of invasive bladder carcinomas. It is thus logical to envisage that the treatment decisions may be influenced by the results of collagen IV staining. Images Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…While many reports noted elevated collagenase activities in human and animal tumours, Wirl and Frick (1979) found that collagenase activity in bladder tumour extracts increased with the degree of depth penetration.…”

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confidence: 84%

Collagen IV staining pattern in bladder carcinomas: relationship to prognosis

Daher¹,

Abourachid²,

Bove³

et al. 1987

Br J Cancer

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“…Treatment with 3 M NaSCN, that destroys complexes of ccz-macroglobulin in other systems [21], did not reveal collagenase activity in supernatants and extraction of the fibrous material of tumor homogenates with 5 M urea and ammonium sulfate precipitation was necessary to detect any collagenase, suggesting a high affinity of collagenase for its substrate. As for collagenase in extracts of other tissues [5,27], part of the total activity was latent and its activation was closely similar as it could be activated by trypsin, by prolonged storage at -20 "C or by preincubation at 37 'C without trypsin, causing an apparent autoactivation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Collagenase in the Walker 256 Carcinoma. A Study of the Latent and Active Enzyme in vivo and in vitro

Wolf¹,

Wirl²

1982

Eur J Biochem

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A latent form of collagenase had been isolated from crude extracts of the insoluble, fibrous material from Walker tumor homogenates. Purified preparations of this enzyme yielded a major unit of Mr approximately 62000, as determined by gel filtration on AcA 54 Ultrogel. In its activated form collagenase had been purified to apparent homogeneity with an approximate Mr of 42000. The active enzyme cleaved soluble collagen into three‐ quarter and one‐quarter length fragments in the manner of vertebrate collagenases. Latent collagenase from culture media eluted with an apparent Mr of 53000 and was thus slightly larger in size than its activated form that eluted at 42000. Extracted latent collagenasc and latent collagenase from culture media could be activated enzymatically by trypsin or chymotrypsin and non‐enzymatically by mersalyl, an organic mercurial compound. We suggest that latent collagenase from Walker tumors are complexes of active enzyme with inhibitor(s) of low molecular weight(s) and arc not true zymogens.

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“…26,27 Bladder tumors that invade muscle display significantly higher collagenase activity than do their noninvasive counterparts. 28 Higher urinary MMP-1 expression has also been correlated with disease progression and poor survival in bladder cancer cases. 29 Collagenases (MMP-1 and -13) degrade several native fibril collagens, including types I, II and III, resulting in their cleavage.…”

Section: Cxcr4-mediated Pca Migration and Invasion S Singh Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

CXCL12–CXCR4 interactions modulate prostate cancer cell migration, metalloproteinase expression and invasion

Singh

Grizzle

et al. 2004

Laboratory Investigation

213

187

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The mechanisms responsible for prostate cancer metastasis are incompletely understood at both the cellular and molecular levels. In this regard, chemokines are a family of small, cytokine-like proteins that induce motility of neoplastic cells, leukocytes and cancer cells. The current study evaluates the molecular mechanisms of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in prostate cancer cell migration and invasion. We report that functional CXCR4 is significantly expressed by prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP and PC3, when compared with normal prostatic epithelial cells (PrEC). As measured using motility and invasion chamber assays, prostate cancer cells migrated and invaded through extracellular matrix components in response to CXCL12, at rates that corresponded to CXCR4 expression. Anti-CXCR4 antibodies (Abs) significantly impaired the migration and invasive potential of PC3 and LNCaP cells. CXCL12 induction also enhanced collagenase-1 (metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1)) expression by LNCaP and PC3 cells. Collagenase-3 (MMP-13) was expressed by prostate cancer cells, but it was not expressed by PrEC cells or modulated by CXCL12. CXCL12 increased MMP-2 expression by LNCaP and PC3; however, MMP-9 expression was elevated only in PC3 cells after CXCL12-CXCR4 ligation. PC3 cells also expressed high levels of stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) after CXCL12 stimulation. CXCL12 also significantly Keywords: chemokine; metastasis; metalloproteinase; stromal cell-derived factor-1; SDF-1 Despite the obvious importance of metastasis, this process remains incompletely understood at both the cellular and molecular levels. 1 Many factors have been implicated in the process of metastasis, but the precise mechanisms for the directional migration of malignant cells into different organs is unknown. [2][3][4] In this regard, chemokines are a super family of small, cytokine-like proteins that inducethrough G-protein-coupled receptor and cytoskeletal rearrangement-the adhesion of neoplastic cells or leukocytes to endothelial cells as well as the directional migration of cancer cells. 5,6 The ability of neoplastic cells to penetrate the basement membrane and then invade the interstitial stroma to initiate the metastatic process is largely mediated by proteolysis. Many proteinases are capable of degrading extracellular matrix (ECM) components, but matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) appear to be particularly important for matrix degradation. 6 These proteolytic enzymes are involved in connective tissue remodeling as well as in embryonic growth, ovulation, wound healing and menstruation. 7,8 Moreover, abnormal production of these proteinases is implicated in a number of pathological conditions. 9 It has been shown that CXCL12-CXCR4 interactions may play a role in the metastasis of prostate cancer to bone. 10 However, these interactions alone do not explain the metastasis pattern of prostate cancer or the potential for neoplastic prostate cells to migrate and invade other tissues. We have tested the hypothesis that prostate carcinomas use CXCR4-

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Collagenase ? A marker enzyme in human bladder cancer?

Cited by 51 publications

References 26 publications

Collagen IV staining pattern in bladder carcinomas: relationship to prognosis

Collagen IV staining pattern in bladder carcinomas: relationship to prognosis

Collagenase in the Walker 256 Carcinoma. A Study of the Latent and Active Enzyme in vivo and in vitro

CXCL12–CXCR4 interactions modulate prostate cancer cell migration, metalloproteinase expression and invasion

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