Collagen scaffolds for orthopedic regenerative medicine

Abstract

How would you……describe the overall signifi cance of this paper?Collagen and collagen-based scaffolds offer distinct advantages when selected as biomaterials for use across a broad spectrum of regenerative medicine applications. However, relatively poor mechanical properties are often perceived to limit their usefulness for orthopedic applications. These problems can be overcome through enhanced crosslinking mechanisms or through the addition of a second, stiffer phase such as hydroxyapatite, thus allowing tailored composite scaffolds to meet specifi c tissue requirements. This overview will highlight the current state of the art of these scaffolds, and consider the exciting prospects and future directions of collagen-based technologies for orthopedic regenerative medicine.…describe this work to a materials science and engineering professional with no experience in your technical specialty?Disease, injury and trauma can cause damage and degeneration of tissues and organs in the human body, which requires treatments to facilitate their repair, replacement or regeneration. Tissue engineering aims to regenerate damaged tissues instead of replacing them, by implanting biological substitutes that restore, sustain, or improve tissue function. Tissue engineering relies considerably on the use of porous 3-D scaffolds to provide a suitable environment for the regeneration of tissues and organs. These scaffolds essentially provide a template for new tissue formation and are either seeded with cells prior to implantation or are implanted directly into the injured site and the body's own cells populate the construct to facilitate healing. This review article focuses on the use of collagen and collagen-based scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Overview biomaterials for regenerative medicineCollagen and collagen-based scaffolds offer distinct advantages when selected as biomaterials for use across a broad spectrum of regenerative medicine applications. However, relatively poor mechanical properties are often perceived to limit their usefulness for orthopedic applications. These problems can be overcome through enhanced crosslinking mechanisms or through the addition of a second, stiffer phase such as hydroxyapatite, thus allowing tailored composite scaffolds to meet specifi c tissue requirements. This overview will highlight the current state of the art of these scaffolds, and consider the exciting prospects and future directions of collagen-based technologies for orthopedic regenerative medicine.

Scaffold combination of chitosan and collagen synthesized from chicken feet induces osteoblast and osteoprotegerin expression in bone healing process of mice

“…Chitosancollagen combinations in the form of scaffolds are normally used for attaching and cell migration, delivering and maintaining the cells from biochemical factors, enabling the diffusion of vital cell nutrients and both producing and exerting mechanical and certain biologic influence in order to modify the behavior of the cell phase. 15,16 In other studies revealed that osteoblasts increased significantly at the outset of the 20 days of addition of the scaffold in the experimental specimens, 17 however, in our study blood vessels were formed on Day 14,18,19 and osteogenesis started on the same day after the graft was implanted in the bone, so the observation of this study was on day 14. 15 50:50 chitosan-collagen scaffold treatment is significantly different to collagen and chitosan scaffolds because the latter are porous ± 650μm-850μm.…”

Rapid three-dimensional quantification of voxel-wise collagen fiber orientation

“…Tough bundles of collagen fibers are a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that provides support for cells in most tissues [3,4]. The triple helical structure of collagen enables adhesiveness of cells and is important for the proper assembly of the ECM [5]. The levels of hydroxylation, glycosylation, cross-linking and the mechanical properties of collagen are dependent on a number of important tissue properties, including tissue type, age, and hormonal status [2].…”

Leveraging “Raw Materials” as Building Blocks and Bioactive Signals in Regenerative Medicine

“…19 Collagen type I is the most universal type-found in bone, skin, tendons, ligaments, and other tissues-and its ubiquity has made it one of the most frequently used raw materials in tissue engineering over the past decade. 20 Hyaline cartilage and nucleus pulposus are the main tissues that contain little collagen type I in their native ECM, but are rich in collagen type II. 10,21,22 The main advantages of utilizing collagen as a part of a tissue engineering scaffold include its intrinsic cell adhesion motif RGD, biocompatibility, and bioresorbability.…”

“…23 Poor mechanical properties and rapid degradation are the main drawbacks when considering collagen as a scaffold component. 17,20,23 The following sections will discuss the use of collagens type I and II in tissue engineering scaffolds and applications of collagen as a …”

“…44 51 To address limitations associated with collagen, researchers have often chosen to use different crosslinking agents and/or composites of collagen with other materials. 20 In many approaches, blends of collagen I with CS, hyaluronic acid (HA), bioceramics, and synthetic polymers have been utilized to enhance mechanical properties, reduce susceptibility to degradation, and encourage mineralization. 7 Seo et al 52 provided a comprehensive review of the reinforcement of collagen and other raw materials by synthetic polymers.…”