Collagen/hydroxyapatite scaffold enriched with polycaprolactone nanofibers, thrombocyte‐rich solution and mesenchymal stem cells promotes regeneration in large bone defect in vivo

Abstract

A three-dimensional scaffold of type I collagen and hydroxyapatite enriched with polycaprolactone nanofibers (Coll/HA/PCL), autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in osteogenic media, and thrombocyte-rich solution (TRS) was an optimal implant for bone regeneration in vivo in white rabbits. Nanofibers optimized the viscoelastic properties of the Coll/HA scaffold for bone regeneration. MSCs and TRS in the composite scaffold improved bone regeneration. Three types of Coll/HA/PCL scaffold were prepared: an MSC-enriched scaffold, a TRS-enriched scaffold, and a scaffold enriched with both MSCs and TRS. These scaffolds were implanted into femoral condyle defects 6 mm in diameter and 10-mm deep. Untreated defects were used as a control. Macroscopic and histological analyses of the regenerated tissue from all groups were performed 12 weeks after implantation. The highest volume and most uniform distribution of newly formed bone occurred in defects treated with scaffolds enriched with both MSCs and TRS compared with that in defects treated with scaffolds enriched by either component alone. The modulus of elasticity in compressive testing was significantly higher in the Coll/HA/PCL scaffold than those without nanofibers. The composite Coll scaffold functionalized with PCL nanofibers and enriched with MSCs and TRS appears to be a novel treatment for bone defects.

Bone Tissue Engineering with Multilayered Scaffolds—Part I: An Approach for Vascularizing Engineered Constructs In Vivo

“…43 It has been previously shown that incorporation of micro-and nanofibers with scaffolds improves the scaffold strength and stiffness. 44,45 Similar to their finding, the presence of polymeric nanofibers between the ceramic layers improved the mechanical properties of the ceramic layers (strength close to 90 MPa, as opposed to the reported value of 60 MPa, see Fig. 7), which would be advantageous to bone tissue engineering.…”

Significant improvement of biocompatibility of polypropylene mesh for incisional hernia repair by using poly-ε-caprolactone nanofibers functionalized with thrombocyte-rich solution

“…Prosecká et al showed that even human TRS promotes tissue regeneration in a rabbit model with a minimal immunological negative response. 58 This kind of result favors TRS for further preclinical and clinical studies.…”

Platelet-functionalized three-dimensional poly-ε-caprolactone fibrous scaffold prepared using centrifugal spinning for delivery of growth factors

“…Alfa granules of platelets contain a wide range of growth factors, including PDGF, TGF-β, PDAF, VEGF, EGF, PDEGF, ECGF and IGF. 9 It has been reported that the use of platelets is beneficial for healing of bone, 10 cartilage, 11 tendon, 12 hernia 13 and skin 14 defects. One of the main advantages of using platelets as a source of growth factor is the possibility of autologous use, which reduces the immune reaction.…”

“…The effect of growth factor delivery improved the scaffold colonization both in vitro 48 and in vivo. 10 The importance of the adhesion of the platelets to the surface of fibers is mainly in their immobilization. The results of SEM and the release study showed that platelets delivered active molecules for several days.…”