Coliphage association with coliform indicators: A case study—Brazil

Martins, Maria Therezinha; El‐Shaarawi, A. H.; Dutka, B. J.; Pellizari, Vivian H.; Alfredo, G.; Ribeiro, Gabriela de Cássia; Matsumoto, Emiko

doi:10.1002/tox.2540040309

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The efficiency of H2S test in detecting indicator bacteria was comparable with the standard MPN test. These results support findings of other studies, which showed a close relation between the conventional methods to recover coliform bacteria and recovery of hydrogen sulfide producing bacteria using the H2S test from the same water samples (Manja et al, 1982;Martins et al, 1989;Ratto et al, 1989;Dutka and El-Shaarawi, 1990; Kromoredjo and Fujioka 1991;Martins et al, 1991). The test is reliable, easy to perform, and economic.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparison of standard most probable number method with three alternate tests for detection of bacteriological water quality indicators

Ramteke

1995

Environ. Toxicol. Water Qual.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The standard most probable number (MPN) method for the detection of total and fecal coliforms was compared with three simple microbial tests: H2S paper strip test, Presence‐absence (P‐A) test for coliforms using MacConkey broth (PA‐TC), and P‐A test for fecal streptococci using KF streptococcal broth (PA‐FS) in 187 samples of water from three districts of Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir: Doda, Udhampur, and Jammu. All three tests were comparable with the standard MPN method. However, the PA‐FS and H2S tests were found more sensitive in the detection of indicator organisms. Four hundred and fifty eight cultures obtained from positive tests were identified in order to evaluate the specificities of tests used in detection of coliform indicators. The low incidence of recovery of Escherichia coli (16–34%) for the standard MPN method places doubt on the validity of its application in tropical areas. In view of this, the need for relaxed standards of water quality in tropical areas is discussed. From the results reported here it appears that the combination of the PA‐FS and H2S test could be used as a suitable multiple test to assess the microbiological quality of drinking water in India and other tropical countries. © by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparison of standard most probable number method with three alternate tests for detection of bacteriological water quality indicators

Ramteke

1995

Environ. Toxicol. Water Qual.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The different amount of suspended particulates may account for these differences. The performance of the coliphage test often depends on the nature of the tested water under local conditions (Martins et al, 1989). This therefore suggested that the numbers of coliphages and coliforms changed under different environmental conditions and hence correlationships developed for one phase in a cycle or a system would differ from another.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential application of biophysical interrelationships for faster evaluation of sequencing batch reactor effluent quality

Sim

Ong

et al. 1994

Environ. Toxicol. Water Qual.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Conventional parameters for assessing effluent quality like the 5‐day biological oxygen demand, (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), and coliforms take from one to five days before the tests are completed. Simple, rapid, economical, and reliable methods to determine wastewater quality parameters are essential for the effective control of effluent discharges and the monitoring of process performance. If disinfection is necessary, these rapid methods may be used to quickly estimate the disinfection requirements and to ensure that the final effluent quality is microbiologically adequate. This is especially applicable to the sequencing batch reactor system, which treats wastewater in a batchwise manner. The 6‐h coliphage, 3‐h chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 1/2‐h total organic carbon (TOC) tests have been identified as rapid tests. Being microbiologically related, the coliphage test was shown to have a good degree of correlation with coliform levels in the effluent. Predictions of coliform numbers may be made by enumeration of the phages. The COD was also correlated and shown to produce a quick estimate of the total BOD5, TSS, and coliform values. Although the TOC test is based on the dissolved portion of the effluent, it may also be used as a rapid estimation of the total BOD5, TSS, and coliform values. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc..

show abstract

“…However, somatic coliphage became the most widely used due to its simple, inexpensive, and rapid methodology. The presence of somatic coliphages was associated with the intensity of fecal contamination in freshwater, lake, seawater, bathing water, sewage-polluted water, raw sewage, sewage sludge, reclaimed water, and drinking water (8,18,19,20,23,24,29,30,31). Somatic coliphages infecting Escherichia coli, via the cell wall, belong to four families: three-tailed phages (order Caudovirales) having double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes, including Myoviridae (long contractile tails), Siphoviridae (long noncontractile tails), and Podoviridae (short contractile tails), and one nontailed member of the Microviridae, as singlestranded DNA (ssDNA) phages (5,6,20,45).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Somatic Coliphages in Coastal Regions with Different Levels of Anthropogenic Activity in São Paulo State, Brazil

Burbano-Rosero

Ueda-Ito

Kisielius

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bacteriophages are the most abundant and genetically diverse viruses on Earth, with complex ecology in both quantitative and qualitative terms. Somatic coliphages (SC) have been reported to be good indicators of fecal pollution in seawater. This study focused on determining the concentration of SC and their diversity by electron microscopy of seawater, plankton, and bivalve samples collected at three coastal regions in São Paulo, Brazil. The SC counts varied from <1 to 3.4 ؋ 10 3 PFU/100 ml in seawater (73 samples tested), from <1 to 4.7 ؋ 10 2 PFU/g in plankton (46 samples tested), and from <1 to 2.2 ؋ 10 1 PFU/g in bivalves (11 samples tested). In seawater samples, a relationship between the thermotolerant coliforms and Escherichia coli and SC was observed at the three regions (P ‫؍‬ 0.0001) according to the anthropogenic activities present at each region. However, SC were found in plankton samples from three regions: Baixada Santista (17/20), Canal de São Sebastião (6/14), and Ubatuba (3/12). In seawater samples collected from Baixada Santista, four morphotypes were observed: A1 (4.5%), B1 (50%), C1 (36.4%), and D1 (9.1%). One coliphage, Siphoviridae type T1, had the longest tail: between 939 and 995 nm. In plankton samples, Siphoviridae (65.8%), Podoviridae (15.8%), Microviridae (15.8%), and Myoviridae (2.6%) were found. In bivalves, only the morphotype B1 was observed. These SC were associated with enteric hosts: enterobacteria, E. coli, Proteus, Salmonella, and Yersinia. Baixada Santista is an area containing a high level of fecal pollution compared to those in the Canal de São Sebastião and Ubatuba. This is the first report of coliphage diversity in seawater, plankton, and bivalve samples collected from São Paulo coastal regions. A better characterization of SC diversity in coastal environments will help with the management and evaluation of the microbiological risks for recreation, seafood cultivation, and consumption.

show abstract

Coliphage association with coliform indicators: A case study—Brazil

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Comparison of standard most probable number method with three alternate tests for detection of bacteriological water quality indicators

Comparison of standard most probable number method with three alternate tests for detection of bacteriological water quality indicators

Potential application of biophysical interrelationships for faster evaluation of sequencing batch reactor effluent quality

Diversity of Somatic Coliphages in Coastal Regions with Different Levels of Anthropogenic Activity in São Paulo State, Brazil

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About