Cold Spray and Laser-Assisted Cold Spray of CrMnCoFeNi High Entropy Alloy Using Nitrogen as the Propelling Gas

Nikbakht, Roghayeh; Cojocaru, C. V.; Aghasibeig, Maniya; Irissou, Éric; Kim, Taek‐Soo; Kim, Hyoung Seop; Jodoin, B.

doi:10.1007/s11666-022-01361-9

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…(5) The friction resistance effect and thermal transmission of nozzle pipe on the gas are negligible; (6) The gravity effect of the particles is negligible.…”

Section: Gas and Particle Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3) The interaction between the particles is negligible in the flow field; (4) The influence of the particles on the flow state of the gas is negligible; (5) The friction resistance effect and thermal transmission of nozzle pipe on the gas are negligible; (6) The gravity effect of the particles is negligible.…”

Section: Gas and Particle Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cold spraying (CS) technology, as a novel surface technology for depositing solidstate particles, was focused on the investigation of pure metals (e.g., Cu [1], Al [2], Ti [3], and Mg [4], etc. ), metallic alloys (e.g., Ti6Al4V [3], Ni50Cr [5], CrMnCoFeNi [6], etc. ), cermet (e.g., WC-Co [7,8], WC-Ni [9], Cr 3 C 2 -NiCr(Ni) [10], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical and Experimental Investigation Gas-Particle Two Phase Flow in Cold Spraying Nanostructured HA/Ti Composite Particle

Chen

Líu

et al. 2023

Coatings

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HA composite coatings added reinforcement phases could improve the mechanical properties and bonding strength of the coatings. Cold spraying is a feasible surface technology for preparing HA composite coatings. In order to investigate the influence of cold spraying parameters on the deposition behavior of a single HA/Ti composite particle, numerical and experimental investigation of gas-particle two-phase flow in cold spraying nanostructured HA/Ti composite particle were investigated in this study. The results show that the influence of different temperatures and pressures on static pressure was not significant. The effects of gas pressure on the static temperature were tiny under the same inlet temperature and different pressure conditions; however, the static temperature in the entire spray gun cavity increased as the inlet temperature increased under the same pressure and different inlet temperature conditions. There is little effect of gas pressure on the axial velocity of gas flow in the spray gun cavity; however, the axial velocity of gas flow increased with the increase in gas temperature. Meanwhile, the axial velocity of gas flow gradually increases throughout the spraying process. At a gas temperature of 573 K and 973 K, the maximum axial velocities of a gas flow at gas pressure of 2.2 MPa were 778 m/s and 942 m/s, respectively. There is little effect of gas pressure on the axial velocity of HA/30 wt.% Ti particles under the same gas temperature. The axial velocity of HA/30 wt.% Ti particles increased with the increase in gas temperature under the same gas pressure condition. The axial velocity of composite particles decreased with the increase in the particle size under the same gas pressure and gas temperature. At a gas temperature of 573 K and 973 K, the minimum axial velocity of HA/30 wt.% Ti particles with a particle size of 30 μm at a gas pressure of 2.2 MPa was 435 m/s and 467 m/s, respectively. A certain deformation of splats occurred after impacting the substrate, and the splats adhered to the surface of the Ti6Al4Vsubstrate, clearly presenting a flat shape with a central hump surrounded by a ringy band. At a gas temperature of 973 K, particles generated more severe deformation with more cracks and ejecta phenomenon. The splats attached to the substrate were increased as the gas temperature increased.

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“…(5) The friction resistance effect and thermal transmission of nozzle pipe on the gas are negligible; (6) The gravity effect of the particles is negligible.…”

Section: Gas and Particle Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gas and Particle Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical and Experimental Investigation Gas-Particle Two Phase Flow in Cold Spraying Nanostructured HA/Ti Composite Particle

Chen

Líu

et al. 2023

Coatings

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“…They have achieved less than 1% porosity for Ti6Al4V coatings with a laser preheating surface temperature recorded upto 900 • C. Additionally, the thermomechanical treatment during LACS allowed controlled formation of secondary phases and morphologies [15]. LACS of other alloys found in literature include, pure Ti [10], Al alloys [16][17][18], Al + Al 2 O 3 [19], Al-Cu [20], Al-12 wt.%Si [21], Ni-20Cr [17], In718 [12], SS 15-5 PH [22], AISI 4340 steel [23], high entropy alloy (HEA) CrMnCoFeN [24], NiCoCrAlYHfSi [25], oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel alloy Fe-Ni-Zr [26][27][28], bio-ceramic Ti-HAP [29], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Effect of Substrate Preheating Temperature and Track Spacing on Laser Assisted Cold Spraying of Ti6Al4V

Boruah,

McNutt,

Sharma

et al. 2023

Metals

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In this study, laser-assisted cold spray (LACS) of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V onto Ti6Al4V substrates has been investigated in two phases: (i) single-track deposits on substrates preheated to 400 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C, respectively, and (ii) single-layer (multi-track) deposits on substrates preheated to 600 °C with three different track spacings (1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm). Cross-sectional microstructures of the single-track deposits showed intimate contact at the interfaces, especially extensive interfacial mixing for specimens with substrate preheating at 600 °C and 800 °C. Cross-sectional area porosity content in single layer LACS coatings was found to be around 0.4%, which is significantly lower than the standard or conventional cold spray (CS) process having ~2.3% porosity. The microstructure reveals that the LACS process has improved the adhesion and cohesion of the deposits, in addition to the other advantages of the CS process. The average microhardness values of LACS deposits were found to be in the range of 388–403 HV (the highest hardness with the lowest track spacing), which is approximately 6–10% lower than that of the CS deposits without laser substrate preheating. Tensile residual stresses were found in all three LACS coatings, which was due to elevated process gas temperature along with high heat input during laser preheating of the substrate. It was observed that the higher the track spacing, the higher the stress magnitude, i.e., 31 MPa, 135 MPa, and 191 MPa in the longitudinal direction when deposited with 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm track spacings, respectively. Heat treatments induced varied microstructures in LACS coatings, encompassing fully equiaxed or lamellar α-phase within the β-phase, or a bimodal microstructure, with characteristics linked to track spacing variations. Key contributions of this study include enhanced coating-substrate adhesion through extensive interfacial mixing, a substantial reduction in cross-sectional area porosity compared to CS, insights into the effects of residual stresses, and, ultimately, advancing the comprehension of LACS and its potential advantages over conventional CS process.

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“…HEAs are not easily deposited through cold spray since they require helium as process gas or really high working parameters for cold spray systems employing nitrogen [11]- [14]. However, deposition of this material through cold spray may lead to hardness improvements due to the combination of HEAs high work hardening behaviour and the particles plastic deformation induced by the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion Behaviour of Cold Sprayed Coatings Made of CrMnFeCoNi High-Entropy Alloy or Composite Powders Containing WC Hard Particles in a Pure Nickel Matrix

Cappelli

Yin

Lupoi

2023

International Thermal Spray Conference

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The performance of two distinct coating materials under alumina particle impingement was tested in this study. CrMnFeCoNi and WC-Ni coatings were applied to 2205 duplex stainless steel substrates using cold spray method with nitrogen as the process gas. In between the substrate and the high entropy alloy coating, an interlayer coating of 316 stainless steel was used. The presence of WC particles in the WC-Ni composite coatings was confirmed by SEM cross sectional inspection. Following deposition, the coatings were heat treated in an air furnace. The influence of heat treatment holding time on the WC-Ni coatings was studied using chemical analysis by X-ray diffraction. Heat treatments peak temperatures for the WC/Ni- Ni and high entropy alloy coatings were 600°C and 550°C, respectively. Coatings microhardness and porosity volume fraction were measured for all the samples. The HEA coating outperformed the WC/Ni-Ni hardness but exhibited a higher level of porosity. The coatings were then subjected to erosion experiments using alumina particles with variable impact angles (30°, 60°, and 90°). To compare the different materials, an average erosion value was calculated for each target specimen. The WC/Ni-Ni as-sprayed coating was the most effective against a 60° impingement angle. The HEA coating, on the other hand, demonstrated greater resistance to impact angles of 30° and 90°. SEM was utilized to examine the eroded areas and determine the main mechanisms of erosion.

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Cold Spray and Laser-Assisted Cold Spray of CrMnCoFeNi High Entropy Alloy Using Nitrogen as the Propelling Gas

Cited by 16 publications

References 51 publications

Numerical and Experimental Investigation Gas-Particle Two Phase Flow in Cold Spraying Nanostructured HA/Ti Composite Particle

Numerical and Experimental Investigation Gas-Particle Two Phase Flow in Cold Spraying Nanostructured HA/Ti Composite Particle

Understanding the Effect of Substrate Preheating Temperature and Track Spacing on Laser Assisted Cold Spraying of Ti6Al4V

Erosion Behaviour of Cold Sprayed Coatings Made of CrMnFeCoNi High-Entropy Alloy or Composite Powders Containing WC Hard Particles in a Pure Nickel Matrix

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