Cold Hardiness Testing for Douglas-Fir Tree Improvement Programs: Guidelines for a Simple, Robust, and Inexpensive Screening Method

Anekonda, Thimmappa S.; Adams, W. T.; Aitken, Sally N.

doi:10.1093/wjaf/15.3.129

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…By taking the mean damage score of the four test temperatures, we increased the precision of our cold hardiness assessment for each population (Aitken and Adams , ; Anekonda et al. ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tolerance to multiple climate stressors: a case study of Douglas‐fir drought and cold hardiness

Bansal

Harrington

Clair

2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Summary Drought and freeze events are two of the most common forms of climate extremes which result in tree damage or death, and the frequency and intensity of both stressors may increase with climate change. Few studies have examined natural covariation in stress tolerance traits to cope with multiple stressors among wild plant populations.We assessed the capacity of coastal Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii), an ecologically and economically important species in the northwestern USA, to tolerate both drought and cold stress on 35 populations grown in common gardens. We used principal components analysis to combine drought and cold hardiness trait data into generalized stress hardiness traits to model geographic variation in hardiness as a function of climate across the Douglas‐fir range.Drought and cold hardiness converged among populations along winter temperature gradients and diverged along summer precipitation gradients. Populations originating in regions with cold winters had relatively high tolerance to both drought and cold stress, which is likely due to overlapping adaptations for coping with winter desiccation. Populations from regions with dry summers had increased drought hardiness but reduced cold hardiness, suggesting a trade‐off in tolerance mechanisms.Our findings highlight the necessity to look beyond bivariate trait–climate relationships and instead consider multiple traits and climate variables to effectively model and manage for the impacts of climate change on widespread species.

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“…By taking the mean damage score of the four test temperatures, we increased the precision of our cold hardiness assessment for each population (Aitken and Adams , ; Anekonda et al. ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stems and buds were tangentially cut to assess percent damage. By taking the mean damage score of the four test temperatures, we increased the precision of our cold hardiness assessment for each population Adams 1996, 1997;Anekonda et al 2000).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance to multiple climate stressors: a case study of Douglas‐fir drought and cold hardiness

Bansal

Harrington

Clair

2016

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Temperature was then decreased slowly (descending 3 °C per hour) until reaching a target temperature (-20 °C). The target temperature was determined beforehand from the results of pilot tests and selected in order to achieve 30 to 70 % damage (ANEKONDA et al, 2000), avoiding too low a temperature that would cause close to 100 % damage to all of the samples, or a temperature that was too high to cause any damage. The temperature was then raised back to 0 °C at the same slow rate.…”

Section: Seed Collection and Test Establishmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variation in Abies religiosa for Quantitative Traits and Delineation of Elevational and Climatic Zoning for Maintaining Monarch Butterfly Overwintering Sites in Mexico, considering Climatic Change

et al. 2017

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Conservation of Abies religiosa (sacred fir) within the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (MBBR) in Mexico requires adaptive management to cope with expected climatic change, in order to have healthy trees for Danaus plexippus overwintering sites in the future. Open pollinated seeds from fifteen A. religiosa populations were collected along an elevational gradient (2850-3550 masl; one sampled population every 50 m of elevational difference). Seedlings were evaluated in a common garden test over a period of 30 months. We found significant differences (P < 0.03) among populations in total elongation, final height, date of growth cessation, foliage, stem and total dry weight, as well as frost damage. These differences were strongly associated with the Mean Temperature of the Coldest Month (MTCM; r2= 0.6222, P = 0.0005). Seedlings originating from lower elevation populations grew more but suffered more frost damage than those from higher elevations. Populations differentiate genetically when they are separated by 364 m in elevation. Such differentiation was used to delineate three elevational/climatic zones for seed collection, with limits defined at: 2650 masl or 9.7 °C of MTCM; 3000 masl or 8.5 °C; 3350 masl or 7.3 °C; and 3700 masl or 6.1 °C. Zonification for seedling deployment aiming to match a suitable climate in year 2030 (after projections using an ensemble of 18 General Circulation Models and a Representative Concentration Pathway 6.0 watts/ m2), would have the same MTCM zone limits, but shifted 350 m upwards in elevation. This shift would exceed the highest elevations within the MBBR, necessitating the establishment of A. religiosa stands outside the MBBR, to serve as potential future overwintering sites.

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“…We assessed cold hardiness of samples using standard freezer-test methods commonly used in forestry to predict seedling tolerance to subfreezing temperatures and extreme cold events (Warrington, 1980;Ritchie, 1984;Rietveld & Tinus, 1987;Anekonda et al, 2000). Extreme cold events also drive natural selection for cold hardiness and cause the resultant genetic variation among population.…”

Section: Tissue Sampling and Cold Hardiness Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of climate change on cold hardiness of Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii): environmental and genetic considerations

Bansal

Clair

Harrington

et al. 2015

Global Change Biology

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The success of conifers over much of the world's terrestrial surface is largely attributable to their tolerance to cold stress (i.e., cold hardiness). Due to an increase in climate variability, climate change may reduce conifer cold hardiness, which in turn could impact ecosystem functioning and productivity in conifer-dominated forests. The expression of cold hardiness is a product of environmental cues (E), genetic differentiation (G), and their interaction (G × E), although few studies have considered all components together. To better understand and manage for the impacts of climate change on conifer cold hardiness, we conducted a common garden experiment replicated in three test environments (cool, moderate, and warm) using 35 populations of coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) to test the hypotheses: (i) cool-temperature cues in fall are necessary to trigger cold hardening, (ii) there is large genetic variation among populations in cold hardiness that can be predicted from seed-source climate variables, (iii) observed differences among populations in cold hardiness in situ are dependent on effective environmental cues, and (iv) movement of seed sources from warmer to cooler climates will increase risk to cold injury. During fall 2012, we visually assessed cold damage of bud, needle, and stem tissues following artificial freeze tests. Cool-temperature cues (e.g., degree hours below 2 °C) at the test sites were associated with cold hardening, which were minimal at the moderate test site owing to mild fall temperatures. Populations differed 3-fold in cold hardiness, with winter minimum temperatures and fall frost dates as strong seed-source climate predictors of cold hardiness, and with summer temperatures and aridity as secondary predictors. Seed-source movement resulted in only modest increases in cold damage. Our findings indicate that increased fall temperatures delay cold hardening, warmer/drier summers confer a degree of cold hardiness, and seed-source movement from warmer to cooler climates may be a viable option for adapting coniferous forest to future climate.

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Cold Hardiness Testing for Douglas-Fir Tree Improvement Programs: Guidelines for a Simple, Robust, and Inexpensive Screening Method

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Tolerance to multiple climate stressors: a case study of Douglas‐fir drought and cold hardiness

Tolerance to multiple climate stressors: a case study of Douglas‐fir drought and cold hardiness

Genetic Variation in Abies religiosa for Quantitative Traits and Delineation of Elevational and Climatic Zoning for Maintaining Monarch Butterfly Overwintering Sites in Mexico, considering Climatic Change

Impact of climate change on cold hardiness of Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii): environmental and genetic considerations

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