Cold Agglutinins in Listeria Monocytogenes Infections

Korn, R

doi:10.1001/archinte.1957.00260040073008

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…[ 1 ] Moderately, high titer CAs with higher thermal amplitude was associated with certain infections. For example, anti-I with Mycoplasma,[ 4 ] Listeria,[ 5 ] Leishmaniasis;[ 6 ] anti-i with infectious mononucleosis,[ 7 ] and anti-Pr with viral infections like rubella[ 8 9 ] or Varicella. [ 10 11 ] One of us (SRJ) had found an anti-Pr a as transient CA in association with falciparum malaria, with the unique feature of being failed to react in the presence of ionized calcium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cold agglutinins (CAs), preferentially agglutinating red cells at the low temperatures (0°C), are present in the serum of almost all individuals as low titer (<1:10) auto-antibodies. [ 1 2 ] While CAs with very high titer and with higher thermal amplitude are associated with idiopathic condition called cold hemagglutinin disease, those with moderately high titer found in patients with auto-immune hemolytic anemia secondary to certain cancers[ 3 ] and infections caused by bacteria,[ 4 5 6 ] virus[ 7 8 9 10 11 ] or parasite infestations. [ 12 13 14 ] We present here our observational study on spontaneous cold auto-hemagglutination (SpCA) phenomenon in blood units kept under blood bank storage condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unusual spontaneous cold auto-hemagglutination phenomenon in blood units stored under blood bank condition: A retrospective analysis

Joshi¹,

Naik²,

Gupte³

2015

Asian J Transfus Sci

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Background:Cold agglutinins (CA) are benign naturally occurring low titer autoantibodies present in most individuals. Those with moderate strength are found in infections, malignancies or autoimmune conditions with diagnostic importance.Aim:Present report deals with CA that brought spontaneous hemagglutination in blood units stored at 2-6°C.Study design:Over 32 months period between July 1993 and December 1995, blood units were inspected for spontaneous cold auto-hemagglutination (SpCA) phenomenon. The plasma from these units was separated and investigated for serological specificity using in house red cell panel and standard serological methods.Results:Among 51,671 blood units, 112 units showed SpCA phenomenon. A rising trend seen in first half of study period significantly fell in remaining half. Specificities of the antibodies detected include anti-I (27), anti-i (53), anti-Pr (21) with remaining few being undetermined specificity. Absorption of serum using enzyme-treated red cells revealed a presence of anti-Pr among the cases, the two of which with new specificities that reacted preferentially with red cells from either new-born or adults and were tentatively named as anti-PrFetal and anti-Pradult, respectively. While 9 cases showed optimum reaction at neutral pH of 7, 68 (62%) cases reacted at pH 5.8 through 8.0, 28 (26%) cases preferred an acidic pH 5.8 and 4 cases opted an alkaline pH 8. Of 28 cases with antibodies preferentially reacting in acidic medium, 17 (60%) cases were anti-i and 7 (25%) cases were anti-Pr.Conclusion:Unique SpCA phenomenon observed in blood units stored under blood bank conditions seems to be due to CA developed in response to vector-borne infectious agents. Majority of the cases displayed their specificities, otherwise are rare to be encountered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual spontaneous cold auto-hemagglutination phenomenon in blood units stored under blood bank condition: A retrospective analysis

Joshi¹,

Naik²,

Gupte³

2015

Asian J Transfus Sci

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“…(2) Transiently occurring cold haemagglutinins behave as yM-globulin antibodies produced as a result of ordinary antigenic stimulation and contain both K and 1 chains. In rabbits, cold haemagglutinins are produced after deliberate immunization with heat killed Listeria monocytogenes (Korn et al 1957, Costea et al 1965.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Chain Types of Transiently Occurring Cold Haemagglutinins

Harboe

Lind

1966

Scandinavian Journal of Haematology

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In the chronic cold haemagglutinin syndrome, the isolated cold haemagglutinins are usually electrophoretically homogeneous and appear to be ‘monoclonal’ γM‐globulins. Only α chains have been found in gel diffusion tests on 87 isolated ‘monoclonal’ cold haemagglutinins. Cold haemagglutinins developing during pneumonia were found to behave differently. They were electrophoretically heterogeneous and contained both α and λ chains in four of nine cases.

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“…Infection in humans may result in encephalitis, meningitis, septicemia, and abortion. A peculiar result of some septicemic listeric infections in humans is the induction of a transient cold agglutinin syndrome in which antibodies are induced that can react with the host's own erythrocytes under appropriate conditions, causing a complementmediated in vivo lysis (17). The antibodies responsible for this phenomenon are of the immunoglobulin M (IgM) class and appear to be directed against the I blood group system (5).Costea and co-workers (5) developed an animal model of this response by the intravenous injection of heat-killed L. monocytogenes serotype 4B (HKLM) into rabbits.…”

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confidence: 99%

Isolation, characterization, and biological properties of an endotoxin-like material from the gram-positive organism Listeria monocytogenes

Wexler¹,

Oppenheim²

1979

Infect Immun

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The bacterial component responsible for the induction of transient cold agglutinin syndrome in rabbits after intravenous injection of heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes type 4B has been purified and biologically and chemically characterized. A purified immunoglobulin M cold agglutinin was prepared from hightiter sera resulting from the immunization of rabbits with heat-killed L. monocytogenes type 4B and was subsequently used to monitor the purification of the bacterial component responsible for its induction. The bacterial component was isolated from a hot phenol-water extract of lyophilized L. monocytogenes type 4B by multiple molecular sieve chromatography. Upon chemical analysis the purified material was found to be strikingly similar in chemical composition to gram-negative lipopolysaccharide endotoxins. The material contained 15% total fatty acid (of which 50% was fB-hydroxymyristic acid), 40 to 45% neutral sugar (glucose, galactose, and rhamnose), 11.5% amino sugar, 12% uronic acid, 2.5% 2keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid, 2% heptose, 0.87% phosphorus, and 1.6% amino acid, thereby accounting for 85 to 90% of the weight of the component. Electron micrographs of the purified material were similar to those of lipopolysaccharide preparations from gram-negative organisms. The purified material exists in aqueous solutions as large aggregates, but can be dissociated into a single smaller subunit (3.1S) by dialysis against sodium dodecyl sulfate buffer. The listerial component was toxic and pyrogenic to rabbits, producing symptoms typical of gram-negative endotoxins. Activity in the limulus lysate gelation assay and in the carbocyanine dye assay provides a further link of this material with classical gram-negative endotoxins.The clinical significance of Listeria monocytogenes, a gram-positive diphtheroid-like rod of the family Corynebacteriaceae, is becoming increasingly recognized (13). Infection in humans may result in encephalitis, meningitis, septicemia, and abortion. A peculiar result of some septicemic listeric infections in humans is the induction of a transient cold agglutinin syndrome in which antibodies are induced that can react with the host's own erythrocytes under appropriate conditions, causing a complementmediated in vivo lysis (17). The antibodies responsible for this phenomenon are of the immunoglobulin M (IgM) class and appear to be directed against the I blood group system (5).Costea and co-workers (5) developed an animal model of this response by the intravenous injection of heat-killed L. monocytogenes serotype 4B (HKLM) into rabbits. The cold agglutinin syndrome so produced was found to mimic that which occurs in humans in symptomology and pathology and was caused by IgM antibod-ies. Their results further indicated that this IgM antibody was not only induced by and directed against the HKLM, but was also able to crossreact with the erythrocytes of the host as well as other xenogenic erythrocytes which possess I blood group antigen(s). Costea et al. (7) were subsequently able to show that a crude frac...

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Cold Agglutinins in Listeria Monocytogenes Infections

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Unusual spontaneous cold auto-hemagglutination phenomenon in blood units stored under blood bank condition: A retrospective analysis

Unusual spontaneous cold auto-hemagglutination phenomenon in blood units stored under blood bank condition: A retrospective analysis

Light Chain Types of Transiently Occurring Cold Haemagglutinins

Isolation, characterization, and biological properties of an endotoxin-like material from the gram-positive organism Listeria monocytogenes

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