Colchicine-Induced Tetraploid and Cytochimeral Roses

Semeniuk, Peter; Arisumi, Toru

doi:10.1086/336434

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Polyploidization with topically applied trifluralin and colchicine occurred from LI inward as evidenced by the fact that there were no individuals that were polyploid in LII, but diploid in LI. Polyploidization from LI inward also has been found with ex vitro colchicine application to R. multiflora axillary meristems (Semeniuk & Arisumi, 1968). Since LII polyploids have reliably been polyploid in LI, one could first measure guard cell length of leaves grown from treated meristems and only bring LI polyploids into flower for assessment of LII.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trifluralin-mediated polyploidization of Rosa chinensis minima (Sims) Voss seedlings

2005

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Many diploid rose species and cultivars possess valuable traits that can be introgressed into modern tetraploid cultivars. Interspecific, interploidy crosses are possible, but triploid hybrids typically have limited fertility, hindering further breeding and selection. Tetraploidizing diploids before mating with tetraploids can alleviate fertility barriers. The efficiency of trifluralin was investigated for polyploidization of Rosa chinensis minima (2n = 2x = 14) seedlings. Treatments were trifluralin at 0.086% and 0.0086%, colchicine (0.5%), and distilled water and contained 2% dimethyl sulfoxide and a surfactant. Approximately 5 µl of the treatment solution was applied to the apical meristem of seedlings (N = 337, 82-85 per treatment) in the process of cotyledon expansion. Guard cell length, pollen diameter, and root tip squashes of rooted cuttings were used to detect polyploidy in meristematic layer (L)I, LII, and LIII, respectively. Trifluralin (0.086%) was the most effective treatment for polyploidization (LI 20.2%, LII 12.9%, LIII 12.9%), followed by trifluralin (0.0086%) (LI 10.6%, LII 7.1%, LIII 4.7%) and colchicine (LI 2.4%, LII 0%, LIII 0%). Polyploidization consistently occurred from LI inward. Polyploids as a group had reduced pollen stainability and a lower leaflet length to width ratio than diploids. In addition, two diploid seedlings were identified which produce 2n pollen. Considerations in selecting germplasm and generating somatically-induced polyploids from seedlings versus clones for use in breeding are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trifluralin-mediated polyploidization of Rosa chinensis minima (Sims) Voss seedlings

2005

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“…The use of colchicine on shoot meristems has been the primary method of somatic polyploidisation in roses (Basye 1990;Ma et al 1997;Roberts et al 1990;Semeniuk and Arisumi 1968). Because colchicine is a highly toxic carcinogen and is relatively expensive, anti-microtubule herbicides like amiprophosmethyl (APM), oryzalin, and triXuralin have been explored as alternatives for polyploidisation (Eeckaut et al 2004;Ramulu et al 1991;Wan et al 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When chromosome doubling agents are topically applied, chimerism is common and isolating polyploid sectors and ploidy characterisation of the meristematic layers is necessary (Semeniuk and Arisumi 1968;Tilney-Bassett 1986). Roberts and Allum (2005) reported that the accessibility of the shoot meristems, the concentration of the spindle inhibitor and the exposure time are factors that are critical to success.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of mitotic inhibitors and genotype on chromosome doubling of Rosa

et al. 2007

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Dinitroanilines represent a class of compounds that are widely used in herbicide formulations as they depolymerise plant microtubles, causing chromosome doubling. The potential of microtubule depolymerising herbicides triXuralin, oryzalin, and amiprophosmethyl (APM) for in vitro chromosome doubling of Rosa was studied. Five concentrations (0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 M) and three exposure periods (12, 24 and 48 h) for each of the compounds were compared. Oryzalin, triXuralin and APM were not signiWcantly diVerent in their ability to induce chromosome doubling of R. hybrida cv Iceberg. At concentration of 6 M and exposure period of 24 h, chromosome doubling of R. hybrida cv Iceberg was not signiWcantly diVerent with each of the polyplodising agents. At higher concentration (24 M) and longer exposure period (48 h), 66.7% and 62.5% chromosome doubling was achieved with APM and triXuralin, respectively. However, the application of 6 M oryzalin to R. persica (2n = 2x), R. hybrida cv Iceberg (2n = 3x) and R. hybrida cv Akito (2n = 4x), resulted in 60.0%, 6.3% and 0% chromosome doubling, respectively, which suggest that chromosome doubling is genotype dependent and plants with lower ploidy level have a higher propensity for chromosome doubling. Flow cytometry results at 18 and 24 weeks after herbicide treatment, indicated that the best time to test the treated plants was after 24 weeks.

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“…Chromosome doubling of the triploid roses, which has not previously been achieved, might be expected to produce fertile hexaploids. Chromosomal doubling of diploids to obtain tetraploids that can be bred at the tetraploid level has been achieved by applying colchicine to young seedlings (Fagerlind 1958;Semeniuk and Arisumi 1968;Basye 1992) and to in vitro shoots (Ma et al 1997). However, chromosome doubling in vegetatively propagated clones has not been achieved in vivo and only with low conversion frequencies in vitro.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oryzalin-induced chromosome doubling in Rosa and its effect on plant morphology and pollen viability

et al. 2003

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Shoot tips of the diploid rose Thérèse Bugnet were treated in vitro to oryzalin at concentrations of 5 and 15 microM. Tetraploid shoots were obtained in highest frequencies (40%) after exposure to 5 microM oryzalin for 14 days. Thin (1 mm) nodal sections were treated with 5 microM oryzalin and the highest frequency of tetraploids (66%) was obtained after exposure for only 1 day. The shorter exposure times required to induce chromosome doubling in thin nodal sections is attributed to the more efficient delivery of oryzalin to the meristem. Tetraploids were obtained from four diploid roses and hexaploids from two triploid roses. Chromosome doubling was accompanied by increases in thickness and a darker green colouration of the leaves and, in all diploid to tetraploid and one triploid to hexaploid conversion, the breadth/length ratio of leaflets was significantly increased. Internodes were longer in tetraploids than diploids but significantly shorter in hexaploids than triploids. The number of petals per flower in the tetraploid form of Thérèse Bugnet was double that of the diploid. Significant increases in pollen viability accompanied chromosome doubling of all four diploids and one of the two triploids.

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Colchicine-Induced Tetraploid and Cytochimeral Roses

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Trifluralin-mediated polyploidization of Rosa chinensis minima (Sims) Voss seedlings

Trifluralin-mediated polyploidization of Rosa chinensis minima (Sims) Voss seedlings

Role of mitotic inhibitors and genotype on chromosome doubling of Rosa

Oryzalin-induced chromosome doubling in Rosa and its effect on plant morphology and pollen viability

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