Colchicine effect on the DNA content and stomata size of Glycyrrhiza glabra var.glandulifera and Carthamus tinctorius L. cultured in vitro

Abstract

In vitro induction of polyploids using colchicine causes an increase in DNA content in plants. This is of high importance especially for plants that have medicinal and commercial values. Seeds of two medicinal plants, licorice Glycyrrhiza glabra L. var.glandulifera and safflower Carthamus tinctorius were treated with different concentrations of colchicine, 0%, 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.08%, 0.1% (W/V) in vitro for 24 and 48 h. Treated seeds then were cultured on solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) media under controlled conditions. After a month, the length of the stomata was measured to study the effect of colchicine on stomata size. Cellular DNA content of the regenerated plants was measured by spectrophotometry. Flow cytometry was used for confirming the results obtained from stomata size measurement and spectrophotometry. Results suggested that treated plants have a fair amount of larger stomata, significantly in licorice plantlets that were treated with 0.1% colchicine for 24 h and safflower plantlets that were treated with 0.03%, 0.05% and 0.1% colchicine. Safflower DNA content in all treatments enhanced significantly, but in licorice only DNA content of plantlets that were treated with 0.05% colchicine for 24 h and 0.1%, 0.03% colchicine for 48 h found to be increased significantly. The morphological features of treated plantlets such as shoot and leaf thickness were found to be increased. Flow cytometry confirmed the previously mentioned results and suggested tetraploids in all treated safflower plantlets and licorice plantlets obtained from treatment with 0.08% of colchicine and mixoploids in licorice plantlets obtained from treatment with 0.1% of colchicine. ª 2015 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf

Induction, identification and characterization of polyploidy in <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> Bertoni

“…However, tetraploid plants only had about half the number of stomata of the diploid controls (p<0.05, Table 2 and Figure 3). Stoma size is associated with CO 2 gain and water discharge in plant photosynthetic and transpiration processes, and can be an indicator of ploidy levels (Moghbel et al 2015). Three types of trichomes, including glandular trichomes (subspherical shape) and two types of nonglandular trichomes (long hair and short hair), were found on both adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces that the former bore more trichomes than the latter (Figure 4).…”

Potential Changes in Watermelon (Citrullus lannatus) Ploidy Treated By Colchicine

“…The same response is on Glycyrrhiza glabra var. glandulifera and Carthamus tinctorius L (Moghbel et al, 2015). The higher the ploidy level of the chromosome the greater the size of stomata (Sukamto et al, 2010).…”

“…The higher the ploidy level of the chromosome the greater the size of stomata (Sukamto et al, 2010). Stomata length (longitudinal and transversal) as a measure of stomata size can be an indicator of ploidy levels and it has been used in different plant types for determining ploidy levels (Moghbel et al, 2015).…”

Induksi mutasi Stevia rebaudiana dengan perendaman kolkisin secara in vitro (Induced mutation of Stevia rebaudiana through colchicine soaking in vitro)

“…Sebaliknya, pada konsentrasi perendaman tinggi serta durasi perendaman yang lama, planlet memiliki daya hidup sangat rendah. Hasil serupa juga dihasilkan oleh penelitian Moghbel et al (2015) pada kultur in vitro Glycyrrhiza glabra var. glandulifera dan Carthamus tinctorius L. di mana konsentrasi tinggi dengan perendaman yang lama menyebabkan efek toksik pada planlet.…”

“…Sel dengan ploidi lebih tinggi umumnya ditandai dengan peningkatan ukuran stomata, peningkatan jumlah kloroplas pada sel penjaga dengan kerapatan stomata lebih rendah (Omidbaigia et al, 2010;Padoan et al, 2013;Moghbel et al, 2015). Peningkatan ploidi menyebabkan peningkatan copy gen yang antara lain terekspresi pada stomata.…”