“…Skvarciany et al (2020) ranked countries based on sustainable development goals using an Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) multi-criteria decision-making method, followed by hierarchical cluster analysis to divide countries into groups based on sustainable socioeconomic development criteria. MCDM has been used to solve decision-making problems in various areas, such as economics and engineering, to rank alternatives from worst to best to make accurate decisions (Mutlu & Sarı, 2017;Ondrus et al, 2015;Torkayesh & Torkayesh, 2021). TOPSIS, CoCoSo, ELECTRE, and EDAS, which are examples of MCDM, have been used in some studies to rank countries and country groups, such as the European Union, G-20 (Ayan et al, 2017;Baral et al, 2014;Candan & Cengiz Toklu, 2022;Ela & Soysal Kurt, 2019;Pereira et al, 2022;Skvarciany et al, 2020;Skvarciany et al, 2021).…”