Coinfection with
            <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>
            Reactivates Viremia in Rhesus Macaques with Chronic Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Clade C Infection

Ayash-Rashkovsky, Mila; Chenine, Agnès‐Laurence; Steele, Lisa N.; Lee, Sandra J.; Song, Ruijiang; Ong, Helena; Rasmussen, Robert A.; Hofmann‐Lehmann, Regina; Else, James G.; Augostini, Peter; McClure, Harold M.; Secor, W. Evan; Ruprecht, Ruth M.

doi:10.1128/iai.01703-06

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Vaccination with a surface antigen gave partial protection against challenge in cynomolgus monkeys (Smith and Clegg 1985). In rhesus monkeys chronically infected with SHIV clade C, coinfection with S. mansoni reactivated viral replication and increased the expression of Th2-associated cytokine response (Ayash-Rashkovsky et al 2007;Chenine et al 2005). These findings suggest that parasite-infected humans may be more susceptible to HIV-1 infection.…”

Section: Schistosomiasis (Schistosomia Mansoni)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Macaque Models of Human Infectious Disease

Gardner¹,

Luciw²

2008

ILAR Journal

170

133

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Macaques have served as models for more than 70 human infectious diseases of diverse etiologies, including a multitude of agents-bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, prions. The remarkable diversity of human infectious diseases that have been modeled in the macaque includes global, childhood, and tropical diseases as well as newly emergent, sexually transmitted, oncogenic, degenerative neurologic, potential bioterrorism, and miscellaneous other diseases. Historically, macaques played a major role in establishing the etiology of yellow fever, polio, and prion diseases. With rare exceptions (Chagas disease, bartonellosis), all of the infectious diseases in this review are of Old World origin. Perhaps most surprising is the large number of tropical (16), newly emergent (7), and bioterrorism diseases (9) that have been modeled in macaques. Many of these human diseases (e.g., AIDS, hepatitis E, bartonellosis) are a consequence of zoonotic infection. However, infectious agents of certain diseases, including measles and tuberculosis, can sometimes go both ways, and thus several human pathogens are threats to nonhuman primates including macaques. Through experimental studies in macaques, researchers have gained insight into pathogenic mechanisms and novel treatment and vaccine approaches for many human infectious diseases, most notably acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is caused by infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Other infectious agents for which macaques have been a uniquely valuable resource for biomedical research, and particularly vaccinology, include influenza virus, paramyxoviruses, flaviviruses, arenaviruses, hepatitis E virus, papillomavirus, smallpox virus, Mycobacteria, Bacillus anthracis, Helicobacter pylori, Yersinia pestis, and Plasmodium species. This review summarizes the extensive past and present research on macaque models of human infectious disease.

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Section: Schistosomiasis (Schistosomia Mansoni)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Macaque Models of Human Infectious Disease

Gardner¹,

Luciw²

2008

ILAR Journal

170

133

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“…First, our work implicates changes in the genital mucosa of women with schistosome infections as the likely reason that women, but not men, who have schistosome infections have an increased odds of HIV infection. Second, it implies that, if the impaired antiviral control that is induced by schistosomiasis in animals [21][22][23] leads to interactions with HIV, these parasite-virus interactions may occur after HIV infection has been acquired rather at the time of HIV exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosomiasis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Men in Tanzania

Downs

Dood

Dee

et al. 2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Schistosomiasis is a parasitic worm infection that affects over 260 million individuals worldwide. Women with schistosome infections have been demonstrated to have a 4-fold increase in the odds of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection compared with women without schistosome infections. A relationship between schistosome and HIV infections has not been clearly defined in men. Among 674 men aged 18-50 years living in rural Tanzania, we identified 429 (63.6%) who had a schistosome infection as defined by serum positivity for schistosome circulating anodic antigen, visualization of parasite eggs in urine or stool, or both. HIV infection was identified in 38 (5.6%). The odds of HIV infection was 1.3 [95% confidence interval = 0.6-2.5] (P = 0.53) among men with any schistosome infection (Schistosoma haematobium or Schistosoma mansoni), and it was 1.4 [0.6-3.3] (P = 0.43) among men with S. haematobium infection. Men with S. haematobium infection were significantly more likely to report the symptom of hemospermia than men without S. haematobium infection. We conclude that schistosome infections appear to have little to no association with HIV infection in men.

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“…This may be due to the suppression of the antiviral response or due to increased numbers of circulating antihelminth Th2 cells, in which HIV replicates preferentially (251). Indeed, in coinfection studies with rhesus monkeys, schistosome egg deposition (and the initiation of strong Th2 responses) coincided with an upsurge in circulating viral loads (12). Conversely, the suppressive effects of HIV extends to antihelminth immunity, with HIV infection inhibiting resistance to schistosome reinfection after drug cure (250) and correlating with lower levels of production of Th2 cytokines (33).…”

Section: Coinfection With Helminthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helminth Infections and Host Immune Regulation

2012

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SUMMARY Helminth parasites infect almost one-third of the world's population, primarily in tropical regions. However, regions where helminth parasites are endemic record much lower prevalences of allergies and autoimmune diseases, suggesting that parasites may protect against immunopathological syndromes. Most helminth diseases are spectral in nature, with a large proportion of relatively asymptomatic cases and a subset of patients who develop severe pathologies. The maintenance of the asymptomatic state is now recognized as reflecting an immunoregulatory environment, which may be promoted by parasites, and involves multiple levels of host regulatory cells and cytokines; a breakdown of this regulation is observed in pathological disease. Currently, there is much interest in whether helminth-associated immune regulation may ameliorate allergy and autoimmunity, with investigations in both laboratory models and human trials. Understanding and exploiting the interactions between these parasites and the host regulatory network are therefore likely to highlight new strategies to control both infectious and immunological diseases.

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Coinfection with Schistosoma mansoni Reactivates Viremia in Rhesus Macaques with Chronic Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Clade C Infection

Cited by 37 publications

References 42 publications

Macaque Models of Human Infectious Disease

Macaque Models of Human Infectious Disease

Schistosomiasis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Men in Tanzania

Helminth Infections and Host Immune Regulation

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