Cognitive Work Analysis: Coping with Complexity

Jenkins, Daniel P.; Stanton, Neville A.; Salmon, Paul M.; Walker, Guy H.

doi:10.1201/9781315572543

Cited by 61 publications

(76 citation statements)

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“…However, despite work on adapting task modelling techniques to support the engineering of interactive systems, e.g. [17][18][19][20], they can be problematic when considering their design for two reasons.…”

Section: Modelling and Analysing Users And Systems With Formal Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gulfs of expectation: eliciting and verifying differences in trust expectations using personas

2016

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Personas are a common tool used in Human Computer Interaction to represent the needs and expectations of a system's stakeholders, but they are also grounded in large amounts of qualitative data. Our aim is to make use of this data to anticipate the differences between a user persona's expectations of a system, and the expectations held by its developers. This paper introduces the idea of gulfs of expectation -the gap between the expectations held by a user about a system and its developers, and the expectations held by a developer about the system and its users. By evaluating these differences in expectation against a formal representation of a system, we demonstrate how differences between the anticipated user and developer mental models of the system can be verified. We illustrate this using a case study where persona characteristics were analysed to identify divergent behaviour and potential security breaches as a result of differing trust expectations.

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Section: Modelling and Analysing Users And Systems With Formal Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gulfs of expectation: eliciting and verifying differences in trust expectations using personas

2016

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“…It identifies the goals of the cognitive system in a top-down approach. This is integrated with a bottom-up view of available physical resources for the human operators to achieve the goals of the system [26,27]. The other phases will not be discussed in this paper, but will be the focus of future research as experience in application modelling is gained.…”

Section: Cognitive Work Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The five phases of CWA, as seen in Figure 3, include work domain analysis (WDA), control tasks analysis, strategies analysis, worker competency analysis, and social organisation and cooperation analysis [7,[26][27][28][29]. The WDA elicits and presents information on the system from existing documentation and expert users to understand the functional structure of the enterprise and the environmental effects on work.…”

Section: Cognitive Work Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the Impact of New Technology on Complex Sociotechnical Systems

Oosthuizen¹,

Pretorius²

2016

SAJIE

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In complex sociotechnical systems, cognitive and social humans use technology to make sense of situations when making decisions. These elements make sociotechnical systems difficult to develop. A modelling and assessment methodology for systems engineering is required to understand the sociotechnical system's behaviour and underlying structure. Modelling captures the dynamic interaction, as well as the effect of humans in a complex environment. Cognitive Work Analysis and System Dynamics are two complementary approaches applied in mutual support within this context. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate a modelling methodology for complex sociotechnical systems, in order to support the systems engineering process. OPSOMMINGIn komplekse sosio-tegniese stelsels, gebruik kognitiewe en sosiale mense tegnologie om situasies te verstaan en besluite te neem. Hierdie elemente maak sosio-tegniese stelsels moeilik om te ontwikkel. 'n Modellering en assessering metodologie vir stelselingenieurswese is nodig om die gedrag van die sosio-tegniese stelsel en onderliggende struktuur te verstaan. Modellering implementeer die dinamiese interaksie sowel as die effek van die mens in 'n komplekse omgewing. Kognitiewe werkanalise en Stelseldinamika is twee aanvullende benaderings wat binne hierdie konteks toegepas is in wedersydse ondersteuning. Hierdie artikel demonstreer 'n modellering metodologie vir komplekse sosiotegniese stelsels om die stelselsingenieurswese proses te ondersteun. INTRODUCTIONThe development of complex sociotechnical systems (STS) often consists of integrating new technology into existing systems through the application of systems engineering (SE) processes. Standard SE processes can struggle with complex STS, which exhibit dynamic behaviour as many unintended or unpredicted consequences may be experienced. The new artefact often leads to new task possibilities that evolve user requirements [1]. To overcome these difficulties, SE can apply modelling to explore structural, functional, and operational elements of the problem and solution space [2].STS theory, as developed by Trist [3], provides a framework for modelling and analysing complex systems. STS consists of humans applying technology to perform work through a process within a social structure (organisation) to achieve a defined objective [4,5]. Work can become complex due to dynamic interaction between the people themselves, between people and technology, and between people and the environment.The central aim of this paper is to demonstrate a modelling methodology for complex STS in support of the SE process. First, some background will be provided on the development of the modelling methodology before the model is demonstrated.

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“…This was done using the information recorded in the CDM, especially the deepening probes, and expert judgement. The use of expert judgement is the established method with the Decision Ladder (Jenkins and Salmon, 2009) which has some emerging evidence of inter-rater reliability (Rehak, Lamoureux et al, 2006). In this study, the scope was limited to trialling the representation of the method to determine if it appeared to aid design decisions.…”

Section: Decision Representation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human factors methods to design safer mobile mining equipment

Cooke¹

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Cognitive Work Analysis: Coping with Complexity

Cited by 61 publications

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Gulfs of expectation: eliciting and verifying differences in trust expectations using personas

Gulfs of expectation: eliciting and verifying differences in trust expectations using personas

Assessing the Impact of New Technology on Complex Sociotechnical Systems

Human factors methods to design safer mobile mining equipment

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