Cognitive reserve and neuropsychiatric disorders

Watson, Andrew; Joyce, Eileen M.

doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.05.003

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Previous literature has been focused on the reserve effect in cognitive tasks. Our study further suggests that education plays role in broad psychosocial functioning ( Barnett et al, 2006 , Watson and Joyce, 2015 ). In this study, the mood dysregulation component of NPS was associated with thinner cortices in the left inferior and orbitofrontal cortex.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Multivariate neuroanatomical correlates of behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia and the moderating role of education

Kwak

Park

Kim

et al. 2020

NeuroImage: Clinical

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Multivariate neuroanatomical correlates of behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia and the moderating role of education

Kwak

Park

Kim

et al. 2020

NeuroImage: Clinical

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“…On the basis of these findings, it is plausible that differential cognitive performance across subgroups is a function of cognitive reserve for the intact, the intermediate impairment and the severe impairment subgroups. This is consistent with the theoretical concept of cognitive reserve in dementia and schizophrenia spectrum or mood disorders, as a protective mechanism against cognitive decline caused by neuropathology itself 13 , 38 or against the adverse cognitive effects of certain treatments (e.g. memory performance after electroconvulsive therapy).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Role of cognitive reserve in cognitive variability in euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder: cross-sectional cluster analysis

et al. 2020

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Background People with bipolar disorder have moderate cognitive difficulties that tend to be more pronounced during mood episodes but persist after clinical remission and affect recovery. Recent evidence suggests heterogeneity in these difficulties, but the factors underlying cognitive heterogeneity are unclear. Aims To examine whether distinct cognitive profiles can be identified in a sample of euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder and examine potential differences between subgroups. Method Cognitive performance was assessed across four domains (i.e. processing speed, verbal learning/memory, working memory, executive functioning) in 80 participants. We conducted a hierarchical cluster analysis and a discriminant function analysis to identify cognitive profiles and considered differences in cognitive reserve, estimated cognitive decline from premorbid cognitive functioning, and clinical characteristics among subgroups. Results Four discrete cognitive profiles were identified: cognitively intact (n = 25; 31.3%); selective deficits in verbal learning and memory (n = 15; 18.8%); intermediate deficits across all cognitive domains (n = 30; 37.5%); and severe deficits across all domains (n = 10; 12.5%). Cognitive decline after illness onset was greater for the intermediate and severe subgroups. Cognitive reserve scores were increasingly lower for subgroups with greater impairments. A smaller proportion of cognitively intact participants were using antipsychotic medications compared with all other subgroups. Conclusions Our findings suggest that individuals with cognitively impaired profiles demonstrate more cognitive decline after illness onset. Cognitive reserve may be one of the factors underlying cognitive variability across people with bipolar disorder. Patients in the intermediate and severe subgroups may be in greater need of interventions targeting cognitive difficulties.

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“…Subjects with lower education attainment had higher hyper-connectivity and worse hypo-connectivity, reflecting that they may have lower neural resources and that the presence of hyper-connectivity and hypo-connectivity are reciprocal dynamic changes. Education attainment is often deemed as the proxy measure for cognitive reserve, and subjects with higher cognitive reserve could tolerate more brain pathology and bypass the needs to recruit compensatory resources ( Steffener and Stern, 2012 ; Watson and Joyce, 2015 ). Furthermore, the correlations between education attainment and connectivity alterations may suggest that the observed hyper-connectivity and hypo-connectivity in CS patients is related to neuronal activity and not simply the blood flow effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The correlation of asymmetrical functional connectivity with cognition and reperfusion in carotid stenosis patients

Huang

Chang

et al. 2018

NeuroImage: Clinical

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ObjectiveNeural disruption and cognitive impairment have been reported in patients with carotid stenosis (CS), but carotid artery stenting (CAS) may not contribute to the cognitive recovery. Although functional hyper-connectivity is one of the physiological over-compensation phenomena in neurological diseases, the literature on the cognitive influence of functional hyper-connectivity in CS patients is limited. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal changes of hyper-connectivity after CAS and its association with cognition in CS patients.MethodsThirteen patients with unilateral CS and 17 controls without CS were included. Cognitive function was evaluated at baseline, and resting-state functional MRI was performed 1 week before and 1 month and 1 year after CAS. Comparisons of functional connectivity (FC) between CS patients and controls in multiple brain networks were performed.ResultsIn patients before CAS, FC in the cerebral hemispheres ipsilateral and contralateral to CS was mainly decreased and increased, respectively, compared with normal controls. Part of the FC alterations gradually recovered to the normal condition after CAS. The stronger FC abnormality (both hypo- and hyper-connectivity compared with normal controls) was associated with poorer cognitive performances, especially in memory and executive functions.ConclusionThe study demonstrated the lateralization of hyper-connectivity and hypo-connectivity in patients with unilateral CS in contrast to the FC in normal controls. These FC alterations were associated with poor cognitive performances and tended to recover after CAS, implying that hyper-connectivity is served as a compensation for neural challenge.

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Cognitive reserve and neuropsychiatric disorders

Cited by 13 publications

References 51 publications

Multivariate neuroanatomical correlates of behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia and the moderating role of education

Multivariate neuroanatomical correlates of behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia and the moderating role of education

Role of cognitive reserve in cognitive variability in euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder: cross-sectional cluster analysis

The correlation of asymmetrical functional connectivity with cognition and reperfusion in carotid stenosis patients

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