Cognitive Rehabilitation in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review

Alzahrani, Hamad; Venneri, Annalena

doi:10.3233/jpd-171250

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…To date, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) states that rivastigmine is the only approved but modestly effective agent for PDD. In addition to pharmacological treatments, the extensive research into nonpharmacological interventions such as cognitive training, exercise programs, and brain stimulation techniques is ongoing [69][70][71].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognition Deficits in Parkinson’s Disease: Mechanisms and Treatment

Fang

Mao

et al. 2020

Parkinson's Disease

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder mainly in middle-elderly population, which represents diverse nonmotor symptoms (NMS) besides such well-documented motor symptoms as bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, and postural instability. With the advancement of aging trend worldwide, the global prevalence of PD is mounting up year after year. Nowadays, accumulating lines of studies have given a comprehensive and thorough coverage of motor symptoms in PD. Yet much less attention as compared has been paid to the nonmotor symptoms of PD, such as cognition deficits. Of note, a patient with PD who suffers from cognitive impairment may harbour a statistically significantly higher risk of progressing toward dementia, which negatively affects their life expectancy and daily functioning and overall lowers the global quality of life. Furthermore, it is a widely held view that cognitive dysfunction does not just occur in the late stage of PD. On the basis of numerous studies, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a harbinger of dementia in PD, which is observed as an intermediate state with considerable variability; some patients remain stable and some even revert to normal cognition. Considered that the timing, profile, and rate of cognitive impairment vary greatly among PD individuals, it is extremely urgent for researchers and clinicians alike to identify and predict future cognitive decline in this population. Simultaneously, early screening and canonical management of PD with cognitive deficits are very imperative to postpone the disease progression and improve the prognosis of patients. In our review, we focus on a description of cognitive decline in PD, expound emphatically the pathological mechanisms underlying cognition deficits in PD, then give a comprehensive overview of specific therapeutic strategies, and finally dissect what fresh insights may bring new exciting prospect for the subfield.

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Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognition Deficits in Parkinson’s Disease: Mechanisms and Treatment

Fang

Mao

et al. 2020

Parkinson's Disease

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“…Several works explored the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation. While some studies adopted a pragmatic clinical focus, supporting the efficacy of neuropsychological interventions ( 4 , 5 ), other reports emphasized the lack of methodological rigor of trial design, concluding that there is insufficient evidence to guide the clinical practice ( 6 – 10 ). To overcome these limitations, the Cognitive Rehabilitation Task Force (CRTF) of the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Injury Special Interest Group, recently published a systematic review of studies addressing cognitive rehabilitation for people with two of the most frequent clinical conditions, namely, stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) ( 11 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telemedicine and Virtual Reality for Cognitive Rehabilitation: A Roadmap for the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2020

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The current COVID-19 pandemic presents unprecedented new challenges to public health and medical care delivery. To control viral transmission, social distancing measures have been implemented all over the world, interrupting the access to routine medical care for many individuals with neurological diseases. Cognitive disorders are common in many neurological conditions, e.g., stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and other types of dementia, Parkinson's disease and parkinsonian syndromes, and multiple sclerosis, and should be addressed by cognitive rehabilitation interventions. To be effective, cognitive rehabilitation programs must be intensive and prolonged over time; however, the current virus containment measures are hampering their implementation. Moreover, the reduced access to cognitive rehabilitation might worsen the relationship between the patient and the healthcare professional. Urgent measures to address issues connected to COVID-19 pandemic are, therefore, needed. Remote communication technologies are increasingly regarded as potential effective options to support health care interventions, including neurorehabilitation and cognitive rehabilitation. Among them, telemedicine, virtual reality, augmented reality, and serious games could be in the forefront of these efforts. We will briefly review current evidence-based recommendations on the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation and offer a perspective on the role of tele-and virtual rehabilitation to achieve adequate cognitive stimulation in the era of social distancing related to COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, we will discuss issues related to their diffusion and propose a roadmap to address them. Methodological and technological improvements might lead to a paradigm shift to promote the delivery of cognitive rehabilitation to people with reduced mobility and in remote regions.

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“…6 The rehabilitation of cognitive and behavioral difficulties in individuals with PD is important to improve patient management. 7,8 Indeed, PD is best managed by a combination of dopaminergic drugs with physiotherapy and cognitive rehabilitation (CR), [9][10][11][12] which is based on the concept that repeated execution of cognitive tasks leads to an improvement in cognitive functions. 13 Cognitive rehabilitation can be performed using pen-and-pencil exercises or computer-based individually tailored "game-like" tasks, which frequently provide feedback and motivation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What About the Role of Virtual Reality in Parkinson Disease’s Cognitive Rehabilitation? Preliminary Findings From a Randomized Clinical Trial

Maggio

Cola

Latella

et al. 2018

J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol

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Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of a virtual reality training with BTS Nirvana (BTS-N) system in the cognitive and behavioral recovery in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). The BTS-N is a semi-immersive therapy system used for motor and cognitive rehabilitation of patients with neurological diseases, by creating virtual scenarios with which the patient may interact. Methods: We enrolled 20 patients with PD undergoing neurorehabilitation. All the patients were randomized into 2 groups: experimental group performing semi-immersive virtual reality training with BTS-N and control group undergoing traditional cognitive training. Each participant was evaluated before and immediately after the end of the training. Each cognitive training consisted of 3 sessions a week, each lasting 60 minutes, for 8 weeks, for a total of 24 sessions in each group. Results: Experimental group showed a greater improvement in cognitive functioning, with regard to executive and visuospatial abilities, as compared with the control group. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that rehabilitation through a new virtual reality instrument could be a valuable tool in improving cognitive and behavioral outcomes of patients with PD.

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Cognitive Rehabilitation in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Cognition Deficits in Parkinson’s Disease: Mechanisms and Treatment

Cognition Deficits in Parkinson’s Disease: Mechanisms and Treatment

Telemedicine and Virtual Reality for Cognitive Rehabilitation: A Roadmap for the COVID-19 Pandemic

What About the Role of Virtual Reality in Parkinson Disease’s Cognitive Rehabilitation? Preliminary Findings From a Randomized Clinical Trial

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