Cognitive performance effects of subcutaneous nicotine in smokers and never-smokers

Foulds, Jonathan; Stapleton, John; Swettenham, J; Bell, Nicholas P.; McSorley, Kevin; Russell, Michael A.

doi:10.1007/bf02805972

Cited by 225 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Due to experimental constraints, we limited the CPT task to 6 min, which was not sufficient time to observe a vigilance decrement. The performance improvement (fewer false alarms and faster response time) we observed when nicotine was administered after overnight tobacco deprivation is consistent with previous studies in which nicotine was administered transdermally (Bekker et al, 2005;Trimmel and Wittberger, 2004) or via subcutaneous injection (Foulds et al, 1996). In the nondeprived condition, we observed increased hits, decreased false alarms, and decreased variability of response time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In contrast, the effect of nicotine on working memory and computational skills is less clear. Some studies reported enhanced working memory following nicotine administration to nonsmokers (Foulds et al, 1996;Kumari et al, 2003;McClernon et al, 2003) and former smokers and abstinent smokers (Ernst et al, 2001). In contrast, other studies reported that nicotine either had no effect (Heishman et al, 1993;Kleykamp et al, 2005;Myers et al, 2004) or impaired working memory (Park et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dose-Related Enhancement of Mood and Cognition in Smokers Administered Nicotine Nasal Spray

Myers

Taylor

Moolchan

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

126

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The discovery of the role of nicotinic receptors in attention and memory has led to the testing of nicotinic analogs as cognitive enhancing agents in patient populations. Empirical information about nicotine's ability to enhance elements of attention and memory in normal individuals might guide development of therapeutic uses of nicotine in cognitively impaired populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nicotine on continuous attention, working memory, and computational processing in tobacco-deprived and nondeprived smokers. A total of 28 smokers (14 men, 14 women) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject study, in which they were overnight (12 h) tobacco deprived at one session and smoked ad libitum before the other session. At each session, participants received 0, 1, and 2 mg nicotine via nasal spray in random order at 90 min intervals. Before and after each dose, a battery of cognitive, subjective, and physiological measures was administered, and blood samples were taken for plasma nicotine concentration. Overnight tobacco deprivation resulted in impaired functioning on all cognitive tests and increased self-reports of tobacco craving and negative mood; nicotine normalized these deficits. In the nondeprived condition, nicotine enhanced performance on the continuous performance test (CPT) and an arithmetic test in a dose-related manner, but had no effect on working memory. In general, women were more sensitive than men to the subjective effects of nicotine. These results provide an unequivocal determination that nicotine enhanced attentional and computational abilities in nondeprived smokers and suggest these cognitive domains as substrates for novel therapeutic indications.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-Related Enhancement of Mood and Cognition in Smokers Administered Nicotine Nasal Spray

Myers

Taylor

Moolchan

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…One study which investigated the effect of a single dose of transdermal nicotine in nonsmokers, with attention as the primary outcome, described improvement in performance on the Conners' CPT as reflected by a reduction in hit reaction time variability and omission errors, however, no medication effect was seen on commission errors (Levin et al, 1998). Our results with a different CPT and a higher dose of nicotine, are consistent although not identical with these results and provide further evidence that nicotinic receptor stimulation leads to cognitive benefits in individuals without cognitive impairment (Le Houezec et al, 1994;Foulds et al, 1996;Levin et al, 1998;Mumenthaler et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Previous studies investigating the effects of nicotine on attention in nonsmokers without psychiatric disorder have yielded inconsistent findings (Heishman et al, 1993;Le Houezec et al, 1994;Foulds et al, 1996;Levin et al, 1998;Heishman and Henningfield, 2000;Ernst et al, 2001;Mumenthaler et al, 2003;Sacco et al, 2004). Although it has been suggested that individuals with optimal baseline performance may experience deterioration in performance with nAChR stimulation unless task demands are very high (Newhouse et al, 2004), variation in findings may also be attributed to differences in the measure used to assess attentional performance or, as above, to pharmacological differences such as dose or mode of administration of nicotine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Transdermal Nicotine on Cognition in Nonsmokers with Schizophrenia and Nonpsychiatric Controls

Barr

Culhane

Jubelt

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

214

151

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Abundant evidence indicates that the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) system is integral to regulation of attentional processes and is dysregulated in schizophrenia. Nicotinic agonists may have potential for the treatment of cognitive impairment in this disease. This study investigated the effects of transdermal nicotine on attention in individuals with schizophrenia (n ¼ 28) and healthy controls (n ¼ 32). All participants were nonsmokers in order to eliminate confounding effects of nicotine withdrawal and reinstatement that may occur in the study of smokers. Subjects received 14 mg transdermal nicotine and identical placebo in a randomized, placebocontrolled, crossover design. A cognitive battery was conducted before and 3 h after each patch application. The primary outcome measure was performance on the Continuous Performance Test Identical Pairs (CPT-IP) Version. Nicotine significantly improved the performance on the CPT-IP as measured by hit reaction time, hit reaction time standard deviation and random errors in both groups. In addition, nicotine reduced commission errors on the CPT-IP and improved the performance on a Card Stroop task to a greater extent in those with schizophrenia vs controls. In summary, nicotine improved attentional performance in both groups and was associated with greater improvements in inhibition of impulsive responses in subjects with schizophrenia. These results confirm previous findings that a single dose of nicotine improves attention and suggest that nicotine may specifically improve response inhibition in nonsmokers with schizophrenia.

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“…The results have been discrepant, including improved performance in motor responses, sustained attention, and recognition memory, but no effect or impairment in selective attention, conditioned learning, and recall mem-ory. Similarly, few studies have examined the cognitive effects of a history of smoking; and again, the results have been inconsistent (Perkins et al 1990;Perkins et al 1994;Foulds et al 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking History and Nicotine Effects on Cognitive Performance

Ernst

2001

Neuropsychopharmacology

214

161

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Cognitive performance effects of subcutaneous nicotine in smokers and never-smokers

Cited by 225 publications

References 30 publications

Dose-Related Enhancement of Mood and Cognition in Smokers Administered Nicotine Nasal Spray

Dose-Related Enhancement of Mood and Cognition in Smokers Administered Nicotine Nasal Spray

The Effects of Transdermal Nicotine on Cognition in Nonsmokers with Schizophrenia and Nonpsychiatric Controls

Smoking History and Nicotine Effects on Cognitive Performance

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