Cognitive Decline, Dementia, Alzheimer’s Disease and Presbycusis: Examination of the Possible Molecular Mechanism

Shen, Yilin; Ye, Bin; Chen, Penghui; Wang, Quan; Cui, Fan; Shu, Yilai; Xiang, Ming

doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00394

Cited by 77 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Preserving the walking status and the correct postural balance in patients with dementia could improve the cognitive function. 45,46 In order to slow down the course of dementia, a rehabilitation project with dual-task activities could be the key to therapeutic success.…”

Section: Implications In Rehabilitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical spatiotemporal gait parameters for individuals with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Chiaramonte

Cioni²

2020

Hong Kong Physiother. J.

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Instrumented gait analysis allows for the identification of walking parameters to predict cognitive decline and the worsening of dementia. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to better clarify which gait parameters are affected or modified with the progression of the dementia in a larger sample, as well as which gait assessment conditions (single-task or dual-task conditions) would be more sensitive to reflect the influence of dementia. Literature searches were conducted with the keywords “quantitative gait” OR “gait analysis” AND “dementia” AND “single-task” AND “dual-task,” and for “quantitative gait” OR “gait analysis” AND “dementia” AND “fall risk” on PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science. The results were used to perform a systematic review focussing on instrumental quantitative assessment of the walking of patients with dementia, during both single and dual tasks. The search was performed independently by two authors (C. R. and C. M.) from January 2018 to April 2020 using the PICOS criteria. Nine publications met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Our meta-analysis showed that during a single task, most of the spatiotemporal parameters of gait discriminated best between patients with dementia and healthy controls, including speed, cadence, stride length, stride time, stride time variability, and stance time. In dual tasks, only speed, stride length, and stride time variability discriminated between the two groups. In addition, compared with spatial parameters (e.g. stride length), some temporal gait parameters were more correlated to the risk of falls during the comfortable walking in a single task, such as cadence, stride time, stride time variability, and stance time. During a dual task, only the variability of stride time was associated with the risk of falls.

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Section: Implications In Rehabilitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical spatiotemporal gait parameters for individuals with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Chiaramonte

Cioni²

2020

Hong Kong Physiother. J.

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“…Recently, experiments have also shown that their expression levels are altered in both presbycusis and AD mouse models. Therefore, we propose that exploring the specific molecular link between presbycusis and AD may provide new ideas for their prevention and treatment [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of the Global Deterioration Scale according to Routine Blood Chemistry Results

Kim¹,

Park

2019

Korean J Clin Lab Sci.

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Neurocognitive testing commonly uses the MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) to evaluate the overall cognitive function of patients at outpatient clinics, but the MMSE has recently been extensively used in the SNSB II (Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery II) for making diagnoses. We retrospectively investigated the results of routine neurocognitive tests and the results of the blood tests of 120 elderly patients who had been referred to a South Central Medical Center from 2017 to 2018 and who had been examined at a public health center. These subjects' space-time capability was high on the sub-region of the global deterioration scale (GDS). GDS showed a significant increase as the Na decreased on the electrolyte analysis. The subjects' concentration, their language-based orientation for space and time, their memory, and their scores for the frontal lobe function on GDS showed statistically significant reductions (P＜0.001) For the normal and abnormal groups according to the ALT and creatinine levels, the frontal/execute function areas showed statistically significant differences (P＜0.001) as well as negative correlation between GDS and ALT (P＜0.01). In conclusion, this study provides basic information to develop test items that are important for patient screening and diagnosis, and several routine blood chemistry factors provide basic information for diagnosing and assessing the status and progress of cognitively impaired patients.

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“…We found that inducing autophagy up-regulated Cys C, ameliorating neuroinflammation and postoperative spatial learning and memory ability. Future work should explore how Cys C upregulation can exert these effects, such as through reduced accumulation of amyloid beta protein, inhibition of tau hyperphosphorylation and activation of angiogenesis in the brain [31]. Future studies should also explore how autophagy up-regulates Cys C. Detailed analyses of these questions may require experiments in vitro and with knockout animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy attenuates postoperative cognitive dysfunction by up-regulating cystatin C in aged rats undergoing splenectomy

Zhou

Cai

et al. 2019

Preprint

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B ackground : This study aimed to explore whether autophagy can attenuate postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) by up-regulating cystatin C (CysC) in aged rats undergoing splenectomy. Methods : Rats were randomized into four groups ( n = 10 per group): normal control (CON), surgery (SUR), surgery + rapamycin (autophagy inducer) at 1.0 mg/kg/d (RAP), and surgery + 3-methyladenine (autophagy inhibitor) at 3.0 mg/kg/d (3-MA). Treatments were carried out for four weeks.Postoperative learning and memory were assessed using the Morris water maze. Hippocampal expression of the autophagy-related proteins ATG5, LC-3B, Beclin1, and p62 as well as Cys C was assayed using Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: SUR animals showed higher levels of autophagy and higher expression of autophagy proteins and Cys C than CON animals. These levels were even higher in RAP animals, which also showed lower levels of the inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α than the other groups. Learning and memory functions were higher in RAP animals than in the other groups on days 5 and 7. Effects of 3-MA were opposite to those of RAP. Conclusion : Autophagy improves learning and memory in aged rats following splenectomy, which may involve up-regulation of Cys C and attenuation of neuro-inflammation. BackgroundAutophagy, a self-degradation progress involving the lysosome system, helps maintain cell homeostasis, e.g. following exposure to injury, and its dysregulation can contribute to many diseases [1]. During autophagy, autophagy gene-related protein complexes induce the conjugation of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3B-I) to phosphatidylethanolamine to form LC3B-II, which helps form autophagosomes [2,3]. LC3B interacts with sequestosome-1/p62 and sorts cytosolic cargo via a ubiquitin binding domain [4]. Mammalian target of rapamycin and Beclin1 are also key molecules that support different steps of autophagy [5].One way to dysregulate autophagy is dysregulation of cystatin C (Cys C). This member of the cysteine protease inhibitor superfamily 2 is expressed in all eukaryotic cells, and it protects cells from inappropriate proteolysis [6]. Deficiency of Cys C in apoE -/mice disrupts autophagy and induces macrophage apoptosis [7]. Conversely, Cys C-mediated activation of autophagy in neurons prevents

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Cognitive Decline, Dementia, Alzheimer’s Disease and Presbycusis: Examination of the Possible Molecular Mechanism

Cited by 77 publications

References 126 publications

Critical spatiotemporal gait parameters for individuals with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Critical spatiotemporal gait parameters for individuals with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Influences of the Global Deterioration Scale according to Routine Blood Chemistry Results

Autophagy attenuates postoperative cognitive dysfunction by up-regulating cystatin C in aged rats undergoing splenectomy

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