Cognitive conflict between persons: Application of the “lens model” paradigm

Hammond, Kenneth R.; Todd, Frederick J.; Wilkins, Marilyn M.; Mitchell, Thomas

doi:10.1016/0022-1031(66)90027-8

Cited by 45 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The triple-system design, which is an expansion of the lens model, involves a task situation and two people making use of the same probabilistic cues. This has enabled the study of interpersonal learning (Earle, 1973;Hammond, 1972; and interpersonal conflict (B. Brehmer, 1976;Hammond, 1965Hammond, , 1973Hammond, Todd, Wilkins, & Mitchell, 1966;Mumpower & Stewart, 1996). Finally, the N-system design involves more than two people and may or may not include an outcome criterion, and so it enables a study of group judgment (e.g., Rohrbaugh, 1988).…”

Section: Social Judgment Theory Policy Capturing and The Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Representative Design in an Ecological Approach to Cognition.

Dhami¹,

Hertwig²,

Hoffrage³

2004

Psychological Bulletin

373

285

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Egon Brunswik argued that psychological processes are adapted to environmental properties. He proposed the method of representative design to capture these processes and advocated that psychology be a science of organism-environment relations. Representative design involves randomly sampling stimuli from the environment or creating stimuli in which environmental properties are preserved. This departs from systematic design. The authors review the development of representative design, examine its use in judgment and decision-making research, and demonstrate the effect of design on research findings. They suggest that some of the practical difficulties associated with representative design may be overcome with modern technologies. The importance of representative design in psychology and the implications of this method for ecological approaches to cognition are discussed.

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Section: Social Judgment Theory Policy Capturing and The Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Representative Design in an Ecological Approach to Cognition.

Dhami¹,

Hertwig²,

Hoffrage³

2004

Psychological Bulletin

373

285

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“…Several studies (e.g., Hammond, Bonaiuto, Faucheux, Moscovici, Frohlich, Joyce and Di Majo, 1968;Hammond, Todd, Wilkins and Mitchell, 1966; Rappoport, 1961 Rappoport, , 1969Summers, 1968) have shown that little reduction of cognitive differences occurs over a series of joint decisions, despite the fact that there is complete freedom of communication. Even more poorly understood is the question of how the reduction of differences is accomplished by communication.…”

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confidence: 99%

Communication and Conflict Reduction a Cross‐cultural Study1

1970

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Deux expériences distinctes, L'une aux Etats‐Unis, L'autre en Suède, ont été consacrées aux effets de trois niveaux de communication (Communication Nulle — Communication Factuelle — Communication Totale) sur la réduction des conflits inter‐personnels. Deux sujets, amenés, par entraînement préalable, à un système de croyance différent, doivent parvenir à une décision commune dans une tâche nouvelle, mais semblable à la première. La réduction du conflit est faible dans toutes les conditions. Cependant les sujets avec communication totale montrent moins de conflit que les sujets sans communication (p < .01), les sujets avec communication factuelle se situant entre les deux. On n'observe aucune différence, entre les deux pays, dans L'effet du niveau de communication sur la réduction du conflit. Enfin, la connaissance par feedback des conséquences de la tâche n'a pas d'effet sur la réduction du conflit cognitif, ce qui suggèrerait que L'on doive utiliser d'autres types de feedback pour réduire de tels conflits.

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“…The Brunswik Lens Model both as a research paradigm for psychology in general and as a vehicle for conflict studies in particular has been described in detail in a number of papers (Brunswik, 1955;Hammond et al, 1960;Hammond, 1955;Hammond et al, 1966;Hogarth and Einhorn, 1971 ;Hursch et al, 1964;Summers, 1968). The essential features of this paradigm are illustrated in Figure 1: a subject, S, is placed in an environment consisting of cues, X~, which are correlated (re.…”

Section: The Brunswik Lens Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brunswik Lens Model of Dialectical Inquiring Systems

Mitroff

1974

Theor Decis

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A BRUNSWIK LENS MODEL OF DIALECTICAL INQUIRING SYSTEMS AI~STRACT. Previous papers have introduced the idea of a Dialectical Inquiring System (DIS), i.e., an Information System which for any issue presents strong pro and con arguments. The previous papers showed how the DIS could be made scientifically operational in terms of Russell Ackoff's Behavioral Theory of Communication. In this paper we show how the DIS can be represented in terms of Egon Brunswik's Lens Model. The Brunswik Lens Model formulation is most appropriate for the design of Behavioral Science experiments. It also illuminates further properties of the DIS. We discuss both the use and current limitations of the model in terms of an example currently under experimental investigation. The paper, in effect, argues vigorously for a new methodology of science that is founded on an explicit, systematic, and controlled use of conflict. Theory and Decision 5 (1974) 45-67. All Rights Reserved Copyright 9 1974 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht-Holland

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Cognitive conflict between persons: Application of the “lens model” paradigm

Cited by 45 publications

References 11 publications

The Role of Representative Design in an Ecological Approach to Cognition.

The Role of Representative Design in an Ecological Approach to Cognition.

Communication and Conflict Reduction a Cross‐cultural Study1

A Brunswik Lens Model of Dialectical Inquiring Systems

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