Cognitive–behavioural therapy combined with music therapy for chronic fatigue following Epstein-Barr virus infection in adolescents: a randomised controlled trial

Malik, Sadaf; Asprusten, Tarjei Tørre; Pedersen, Maria; Mangersnes, Julie; Trondalen, Gro; Roy, Betty Van; Skovlund, Eva; Wyller, Vegard Bruun

doi:10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000797

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The five studies included were RCTs, and further details of their relevant characteristics are described in Table 1 [ 13 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 ]. The studies were conducted in high income and upper middle-income countries, including China ( n = 1), Norway ( n = 1), and Brazil ( n = 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Malik et al explored the effectiveness of a 10-week mental health training programme consisting of a combination of cognitive behavioural therapy and music therapy [ 13 ]. They recruited patients who met their eligibility criteria from the chronic fatigue following acute Epstein–Barr virus infection in adolescents (CEBA) prospective cohort study based in Norway [ 96 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They recruited patients who met their eligibility criteria from the chronic fatigue following acute Epstein–Barr virus infection in adolescents (CEBA) prospective cohort study based in Norway [ 96 ]. Patients were then randomly allocated to either mental health training programme or ‘care as usual.’ Malik et al describe that in Norway, neither general practitioners nor paediatricians schedule appointments with postinfectious chronic fatigue patients unless they have strongly reduced physical function [ 13 ]. Therefore, ‘care as usual’ implies that the relevant individuals would not receive any healthcare for their CF condition in the follow-up period.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors found there were no statistically significant differences in any of the outcomes between the two groups. However, they noted that the study was underpowered and recommended the trial should be treated as an exploratory study as sufficient power is needed to assess the effectiveness of this treatment modality [ 13 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such prolonged sequelae are referred to as post-viral syndromes (PVS) and follow exposure to viral pathogens, such as Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Chikungunya virus [ 12 ]. The effectiveness of therapies for prolonged symptoms, such as fatigue, following infection with endemic viruses, such as EBV, have previously been investigated [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Post-Viral Syndromes, Including Long COVID: A Systematic Review

Chandan

Brown

Simms-Williams

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Background: Post-viral syndromes (PVS), including Long COVID, are symptoms sustained from weeks to years following an acute viral infection. Non-pharmacological treatments for these symptoms are poorly understood. This review summarises the evidence for the effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatments for PVS. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for PVS, as compared to either standard care, alternative non-pharmacological therapy, or placebo. The outcomes of interest were changes in symptoms, exercise capacity, quality of life (including mental health and wellbeing), and work capability. We searched five databases (Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, MedRxiv) for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between 1 January 2001 to 29 October 2021. The relevant outcome data were extracted, the study quality was appraised using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and the findings were synthesised narratively. Findings: Overall, five studies of five different interventions (Pilates, music therapy, telerehabilitation, resistance exercise, neuromodulation) met the inclusion criteria. Aside from music-based intervention, all other selected interventions demonstrated some support in the management of PVS in some patients. Interpretation: In this study, we observed a lack of robust evidence evaluating the non-pharmacological treatments for PVS, including Long COVID. Considering the prevalence of prolonged symptoms following acute viral infections, there is an urgent need for clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatments for patients with PVS. Registration: The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO [CRD42021282074] in October 2021 and published in BMJ Open in 2022.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Post-Viral Syndromes, Including Long COVID: A Systematic Review

Chandan

Brown

Simms-Williams

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Non-pharmacological therapies for postviral syndromes, including Long COVID: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

et al. 2022

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IntroductionPostviral syndromes (PVS) describe the sustained presence of symptoms following an acute viral infection, for months or even years. Exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and subsequent development of COVID-19 has shown to have similar effects with individuals continuing to exhibit symptoms for greater than 12 weeks. The sustained presence of symptoms is variably referred to as ‘post COVID-19 syndrome’, ‘post-COVID condition’ or more commonly ‘Long COVID’. Knowledge of the long-term health impacts and treatments for Long COVID are evolving. To minimise overlap with existing work in the field exploring treatments of Long COVID, we have only chosen to focus on non-pharmacological treatments.AimsThis review aims to summarise the effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatments for PVS, including Long COVID. A secondary aim is to summarise the symptoms and health impacts associated with PVS in individuals recruited to treatment studies.Methods and analysisPrimary electronic searches will be performed in bibliographic databases including: Embase, MEDLINE, PyscINFO, CINAHL and MedRxiv from 1 January 2001 to 29 October 2021. At least two independent reviewers will screen each study for inclusion and data will be extracted from all eligible studies onto a data extraction form. The quality of all included studies will be assessed using Cochrane risk of bias tools and the Newcastle-Ottawa grading system. Non-pharmacological treatments for PVS and Long COVID will be narratively summarised and effect estimates will be pooled using random effects meta-analysis where there is sufficient methodological homogeneity. The symptoms and health impacts reported in the included studies on non-pharmacological interventions will be extracted and narratively reported.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review does not require ethical approval. The findings from this study will be submitted for peer-reviewed publication, shared at conference presentations and disseminated to both clinical and patient groups.PROSPERO registration numberThe review will adhere to this protocol which has also been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021282074).

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Music Therapy for Chronic Fatigue Following Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Adolescents

Trondalen

Mangersnes

Bonde

et al. 2020

MMD

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This research study, which was a part of arandomized controlled trial, explored music therapy as a part of an individually tailored mental training programfor Chronic Fatigue(CF) following Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in adolescents. This article presents the qualitative data stemming from the interviews, which focused on music therapy. The interviews were performed after completion of the program. The mental training program consisted of 10 sessions distributed between a family session (1), individual sessions with music therapy (4), and individual cognitive behavioral therapy (6). Music therapy included music listening, improvisation, song writing, instrument training, in addition to suggested homework. The analysis was informed through the procedure of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results indicated three main themes: i) personal capacity to act through music, ii) subjective understanding of the link between body and mind, and iii) inhabiting the music space. We suggest future music therapy program to be resource- and user oriented, improvisational, and offer training on an instrument. A vital component should be active music listening, comprising verbal communication, relaxation techniques and joint verbal reflection, to foster mentalization. The therapist and the client select music together, while playlists are negotiated, and invited homework included.

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Cognitive–behavioural therapy combined with music therapy for chronic fatigue following Epstein-Barr virus infection in adolescents: a randomised controlled trial

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Post-Viral Syndromes, Including Long COVID: A Systematic Review

Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Post-Viral Syndromes, Including Long COVID: A Systematic Review

Non-pharmacological therapies for postviral syndromes, including Long COVID: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

Music Therapy for Chronic Fatigue Following Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Adolescents

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