Cognitive and Socioemotional Caregiving in Developing Countries

Abstract

Enriching caregiving practices foster the course and outcome of child development. We studied two developmentally significant domains of positive caregiving -- cognitive and socioemotional -- in more than 127,000 families with under-5 year children from 28 developing countries. Mothers varied widely in cognitive and socioemotional caregiving and engaged in more socioemotional than cognitive activities. More than half of mothers played with their children and took them outside, but only a third or fewer read books and told stories to their children. The GDP of countries related to caregiving after controlling for life expectancy and education. The majority of mothers report that they do not leave their under-5s alone. Policy and intervention recommendations are elaborated.

Paternal Stimulation and Early Child Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

“…These items reflect a measure of caregivers' engagement in stimulation to support ECD. 39 A summary score was created, which ranged from 0 (no paternal engagement in any stimulation activity) to 6 (paternal engagement in all stimulation activities within the last 3 days), similarly to how it has been described and used as a measure of caregiving and stimulation in other studies. 39 -41 In this sample, paternal stimulation showed good internal consistency (α = 0.77).…”

Relación Entre Mentalización y Sensibilidad de Madres de Infantes de Un Año de Edad y su Efecto en su Desarrollo Socioemocional

“…Además, implica aprender a expresar y regular sus emociones y a negociar complejos patrones emocionales y sociales (Bayley, 2006). Para que un niño logre estas capacidades, el rol del cuidador es importante (Fivush, Haden & Reese, 2006;Page et al, 2010), porque regula la mayoría de las interacciones y ayuda a la adaptación del menor (Bornstein & Putnick, 2012). Los padres son los primeros confiados con la tarea de hacer de los hijos competentes miembros de la sociedad (Bornstein & Putnick, 2012) y las interacciones positivas de los padres con el niño serían críticas para optimizar el resultado en el desarrollo social, emocional y cognitivo (Page et al, 2010).…”

“…De acuerdo con la literatura, la manera en que los niños logran entender quiénes son, cómo sienten o qué esperar de los otros es una tarea importante de la relación con un adulto significativo (Bornstein & Putnick, 2012). Por ello, se ha planteado que las competencias de la madre son importantes en el desarrollo Alejandra Gálvez y Chamarrita Farkas, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.…”

“…Algunos ejemplos de dichos aspectos son: El apego que tuvieron los adultos con sus figuras de origen (Miljkovitch, Danet & Bernier, 2012), los estilos parentales (Zarra-Nezhad et al, 2014), la sensibilidad y la mentalización del adulto (Bornstein & Putnick, 2012;Letourneau et al, 2015;Meins, Fernyhough, Fradley & Tuckey, 2001). El presente estudio se enfocó en los dos últimos aspectos, la sensibilidad y la mentalización materna, los cuales se abordan a continuación.…”

Interventions for Enhancing Parenting Quality in Early Infancy

“…Currently, very little is known about the early development of children living in vulnerable conditions, since the proportion of childhood development research conducted within this population is minimal. Bornstein and Putnick [33] argue that, despite the consensus surrounding the importance of earlychildhood years has on development throughout one's life, and the influence of early development environments, the settings and conditions of care surrounding children, there is still a surprisingly scarce amount of data regarding it. According to the authors, at the population level (for example, populations in national territories or locales) there is very little information about the diversity of experiences and conditions that benefit or hinder the wellbeing of children.…”