Coffee wilt disease in Ethiopia.

Girma, Amare; Million, A.; Hindorf, H.; Arega, Z.; Teferi, Demelash; Jefuka, C.; Flood, J.

doi:10.1079/9781845936419.0050

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…It has continued to spread throughout all coffee-growing districts in Uganda and into Tanzania and continues to be a problem of C. arabica in Ethiopia (Girma et al 2009). It has been estimated that the disease has cost $1 billion so far in terms of lost production and cost of management practices (Phiri and Baker 2009).…”

Section: Coffee Wilt Disease (Cwd)mentioning

confidence: 98%

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The importance of plant health to food security

2010

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Section: Coffee Wilt Disease (Cwd)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Indeed, this disease is not just a threat to African coffee production, as coffee from other producing countries has been shown to be susceptible (Girma et al 2009). The disease is a threat to coffee production globally and coffee producers worldwide should be made more aware of it.…”

Section: Coffee Wilt Disease (Cwd)mentioning

confidence: 98%

The importance of plant health to food security

2010

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“…The robusta strains share a significantly higher proportion of orthologous gene sets with Coffea659 (SuperExactTest, p¡0.001), and they generally display more concordance with the Coffea strains, while the arabica strains have the most unique orthogroups. The arabica strains share slightly more genes with the ex-type strain Coffea674 than with Coffea659 despite the latter being the only strain able to infect both both arabica and robusta coffee (Girma et al 2009, Flood 2005.…”

Section: The Arabica Population Arose Independently From the Robusta mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The four genes highlighted as absent in robusta strains are cases of sharing between Coffea and arabica strains. Of these, six7 is shared with Coffea659, the only Coffea strain that is also able to infect arabica coffee (Girma et al 2009, Flood 2005, and therefore of possible interest as pathogenicity factors for growth on arabica coffee. Just one gene, OG0014797, is shared by robusta and arabica populations but absent in both Coffea strains.…”

Section: Host-specific Populations Differ In Their Complement Of Putamentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical genomics reveals the evolutionary mechanisms behind multiple outbreaks of the host-specific coffee wilt pathogen Fusarium xylarioides

Peck

Nowell

Flood

et al. 2020

Preprint

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1AbstractNearly 50% of crop yields are lost to pests and disease, with plants and pathogens locked in an amplified co-evolutionary process of disease outbreaks. Coffee wilt disease, caused by Fusarium xylarioides, decimated coffee production in west and central Africa following an initial 1920s outbreak. After successful management, it later re-emerged reaching two separate epidemics by the 2000s on arabica coffee in Ethiopia and robusta coffee in east and central Africa. Here, we use genome sequencing of six historical culture collection strains spanning 70 years to identify the evolutionary processes behind these repeated outbreaks. The robusta population arose from the initial outbreak, whilst the arabica population is divergent and emerged independently. The two populations evolved similar pathologies by separately acquiring different effector genes horizontally via transposable elements from other Fusarium taxa, including F. oxysporum. Thus, historical genomics can help reveal mechanisms that allow fungal pathogens to keep pace with humanity’s efforts to resist them.

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“…The inconsistent response of Harenna coffee populations in the field and the greenhouse conditions could perhaps be the difference in Aggressiveness of the pathogen isolates used in the seedling inoculation tests, as they were originated from southwest Ethiopia. This in turn warrants studying host pathogen interactions among coffee accessions and the pathogen strains representing forest coffee systems, as variations in aggressiveness among the pathogen populations was already reported by a number of workers (Adugna et al, 2005;Girma et al, 2009b;Rutherford et al, 2009).…”

Section: Seedling Inoculation Tests Of Forest Coffee Accessionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of Forest Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Diseases in the Afromontane Rainforest Areas of Ethiopia: A review

Getachew¹

2017

GJAS

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Ethiopia, as the center of origin for Coffea arabica, hosts a large diversity of germplasm. Besides drastic reduction in the forest cover and low average yield, the crop is attacked by several diseases, among that coffee leaf rust; coffee berry disease and coffee wilt disease are the major fungal diseases contributing to reduced yield in the country. In this article, the main objective is to provide an overview on current status of major forest coffee diseases prevalence and distributions recorded in afromontane rain forest area of Ethiopia; and to indicate the incidence and severity of forest coffee diseases in the forest coffee populations and elucidates some basic management studies and efforts made to manage those diseases occurred over the past 10 years. The incidences of diseases are reviewed based on different research out puts that was conducted in the afromontane rainforests of the southeast (Harenna) and southwest (Bonga, Berhane-Kontir, Yayu) of Ethiopia. CLR incidences in Ethiopia were present in all forest coffee areas with highest between January and March and lows between June and October with incidence varied from 0.36 to 18.5% in Bonga, 1.8 to 49% in Berhane-Kontir, and 11.8 to 62.6% in Yayu forest coffee populations. The corresponding severity ranged from 0.08 -1.2%, 0.24 -1.7% and 0.91 -3.3% whereas the Sporulation Lesion density varied from 0.08 -1.9, 0.33 -3.65 and 1.5 -5.9% in that order. Leaf rust was low (18.5%) in July 2007 and high (62.6%) in January 2008. CBD was present mostly in Bonga (40.0%) and Yayu (26.3%), but less frequent in Harenna (18.6%) and Berhane-Kontir (6.0%). CWD as a recently developed disease in Arabica coffee could be detected ranging from during the dry season of 2012, the incidence ranged respectively from 0 to 15.4%, 7.3 to 37.6%, 0 to 22.3%, and 26.4 to 28.3% in Bonga, Berhane-Kontir, Yayu and Harenna. During the wet season of 2012, the average disease incidence was 11.9, 29.2, 13.2 and 27.7% at the respective forest sites. Significant variation also observed among each coffee tree within a location and season significantly interacted with both location and coffee trees within a location. As researcher indicated in 2010 heterogeneity of forest coffee populations to those diseases in the field under native agro-ecology provides an opportunity to develop resistant varieties among the enormous forest coffee genetic resources and at the same time calls for strategic multi-site in situ conservation to rescue and maintain the present genetic variation and enhance co-evolutionary processes. From this review, in the case of CBD and CWD selections of tolerant Arabica accessions are being pursued from local landraces in afromountan rain forest areas of Ethiopia that undoubtedly needs detailed research work on screening tolerant variety against to the major diseases.

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Coffee wilt disease in Ethiopia.

Abstract: This chapter reviews the status of coffee wilt disease (caused by Gibberella xylarioides), including its occurrence, distribution and importance on arabica coffee in Ethiopia, and highlights some of the factors accelerating the disease and efforts made to contain the problem.

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

The importance of plant health to food security

The importance of plant health to food security

Historical genomics reveals the evolutionary mechanisms behind multiple outbreaks of the host-specific coffee wilt pathogen Fusarium xylarioides

Status of Forest Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Diseases in the Afromontane Rainforest Areas of Ethiopia: A review

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