The importance of plant health to food security

Flood, J.

doi:10.1007/s12571-010-0072-5

Cited by 195 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…One problem here is that climate and global change will not act on plant health in isolation, but in addition to other worldwide processes, from dwindling fossil energy sources to a still growing global human population, from sea-level rise to freshwater scarcity, from attempts to improve food safety/security to those trying to arrest biodiversity loss/homogenization (Gregory et al 2009;Flood 2010;Chimera et al 2010;Kulakowski et al 2011;Reganold et al 2011;Savary et al 2011b). Multiple, interconnected processes such as these will require interdisciplinary science, long-term funding and the increased use of meta-analysis (e.g.…”

Section: Interdisciplinarity Stakeholder Involvement and Trade-offsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of climate change on plant diseases—opinions and trends

et al. 2012

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There has been a remarkable scientific output on the topic of how climate change is likely to affect plant diseases. This overview addresses the need for review of this burgeoning literature by summarizing opinions of previous reviews and trends in recent studies on the impacts of climate change on plant health. Sudden Oak Death is used as an introductory case study: Californian forests could become even more susceptible to this emerging plant disease, if spring precipitations will be accompanied by warmer temperatures, although climate shifts may also affect the current synchronicity between host cambium activity and pathogen colonization rate. A summary of observed and predicted climate changes, as well as of direct effects of climate change on pathosystems, is provided. Prediction and management of climate change effects on plant health are complicated by indirect effects and the interactions with global change drivers. Uncertainty in models of plant disease development under climate change calls for a diversity of management strategies, from more participatory approaches to interdisciplinary science. Involvement of stakeholders and scientists from outside plant pathology shows the importance of trade-offs, for example in the land-sharing vs. sparing debate. Further research is needed on climate change and plant health in mountain, boreal, Mediterranean and tropical regions, with multiple climate change factors and scenarios (including our responses to it, e.g. the assisted migration of plants), in relation to endophytes, viruses and mycorrhiza, using long-term and large-scale datasets and considering various plant disease control methods.Keywords Adaptive ecosystem management . Biotic interactions . Landscape pathology . Phytophthora ramorum . Plant disease epidemiology . Tree fungal pathogens Up to the 1990s, there was little information about climate change impacts on plant disease. For example, Eur J Plant Pathol

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Section: Interdisciplinarity Stakeholder Involvement and Trade-offsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of climate change on plant diseases—opinions and trends

et al. 2012

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“…Biological invasions pose one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity as well as to the sustainable production of food and fibre for the needs of a growing world population (Pimental et al 2001;Wingfield et al 2008;Flood 2010;Wingfield et al 2011;Bebber et al 2014a). Crops that have been planted outside their native range are particularly vulnerable to such invasions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing numbers and intercontinental spread of invasive insects on eucalypts

et al. 2016

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Native to Australasia, Eucalyptus (sensu lato) is one of the most planted genera of trees in the world. However, the sustainability of Eucalyptus species as plantation trees in non-native areas is increasingly threatened by the introduction and spread of Eucalyptus-feeding insects fromAustralia. We examine patterns and potential trends with respect to the global spread of Eucalyptusfeeding insects. Likely pathways of introduction and drivers of the rapid distribution of these insects, as well as management options are considered. The rate of introductions is shown to have increased nearly fivefold since the 1980s. As a result, the number of non-native pests of eucalypts outside of Australia has doubled in less than three decades. Furthermore, the rate of secondary spread among continents has also increased. Surprisingly, we found no association between area planted and the number of pests or new introductions. Only a small number of countries have been the points of first detection outside the native range; these countries have acted as bridgeheads to other regions.Quarantine regulations aimed at reducing the spread of invasive organisms appear to be ineffective at a global scale, and pathways allowing these invasions to occur are poorly understood or unknown. An expanded suite of management options are needed to provide resilience against the rapid accrual and homogenization of eucalypt pests, thereby ensuring the sustainability of eucalypt forestry worldwide.

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“…Plant pathogens cause losses of up to 40% in pre-and postharvest agricultural production annually (Flood, 2010). The outcome of plant disease or resistance is predicated on the ability of plants to expediently recognize the invading pathogen and launch robust immune responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Analysis of Alternative Splicing Landscapes Modulated during Plant-Virus Interactions in Brachypodium distachyon

2015

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In eukaryotes, alternative splicing (AS) promotes transcriptome and proteome diversity. The extent of genome-wide AS changes occurring during a plant-microbe interaction is largely unknown. Here, using high-throughput, paired-end RNA sequencing, we generated an isoform-level spliceome map of Brachypodium distachyon infected with Panicum mosaic virus and its satellite virus. Overall, we detected ;44,443 transcripts in B. distachyon, ;30% more than those annotated in the reference genome. Expression of ;28,900 transcripts was ‡2 fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped fragments, and ;42% of multi-exonic genes were alternatively spliced. Comparative analysis of AS patterns in B. distachyon, rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Arabidopsis thaliana, potato (Solanum tuberosum), Medicago truncatula, and poplar (Populus trichocarpa) revealed conserved ratios of the AS types between monocots and dicots. Virus infection quantitatively altered AS events in Brachypodium with little effect on the AS ratios. We discovered AS events for >100 immune-related genes encoding receptor-like kinases, NB-LRR resistance proteins, transcription factors, RNA silencing, and splicing-associated proteins. Cloning and molecular characterization of SCL33, a serine/arginine-rich splicing factor, identified multiple novel intronretaining splice variants that are developmentally regulated and modulated during virus infection. B. distachyon SCL33 splicing patterns are also strikingly conserved compared with a distant Arabidopsis SCL33 ortholog. This analysis provides new insights into AS landscapes conserved among monocots and dicots and uncovered AS events in plant defense-related genes.

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The importance of plant health to food security

Cited by 195 publications

References 27 publications

Impacts of climate change on plant diseases—opinions and trends

Impacts of climate change on plant diseases—opinions and trends

Increasing numbers and intercontinental spread of invasive insects on eucalypts

Genome-Wide Analysis of Alternative Splicing Landscapes Modulated during Plant-Virus Interactions in Brachypodium distachyon

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