Coffee, nutritional status, and renal artery resistive index

Abstract

Background: The relationship between nutrition and atherosclerosis is known, even dissociated from protein malnutrition. Cardiovascular impact of several nutrients is known; among them the action of coffee is still debated and cardiovascular effect of caffeine has been investigated without definite results. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate whether coffee habits, and/or quantity of coffee consumption, have any relationship with renal resistive index (RRI), a hallmark of arterial stiffness (AS). The relationship of AS with nutritional status assessed by body composition and serum albumin, insulin resistance (assessed by HOMA), and renal function assessed by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is concurrently investigated. Methods: This study was done with 221 consecutive patients, without diabetes, cancer, liver, renal, and heart disease, referred for clinical noninvasive assessment and nutritional counseling: 124 essential hypertensive and 97 nonhypertensive patients were eligible. Personalized Mediterranean diet, physical activity increase, and smoking withdrawal counseling were provided. Results: By multiple linear regression, fat-free mass (FFM), HOMA (positive relationship), and number of cups of coffee/day (negative relationship) account for 17.2% of the variance to RRI. By odds ratios lower risk to increased RRI is associated with higher serum albumin, higher hemoglobin, and FFM; greater risk is associated with hypertension, insulin resistance (HOMA ≥ 3.0), and renal insufficiency (GFR ≤ 90); coffee, assessed by number of cups/day, reduces risk. Conclusion: Coffee use is inversely associated with RRI. Habitual coffee users have risk protection to higher RRI; lower serum albumin, insulin resistance, and renal insufficiency are associated with greater RRI.

The Relationship between Coffee Drinking and Liver Function Tests in Korean Men

“…According to recent studies, a protective effect of coffee on fatty liver can be linked with kidney function through insulin sensitivity. 22,23 Our study results differ from previous ones with regard to ALT. There was no significant relationship between coffee and ALT.…”

Coffee and kidney disease

“…Mean eGFRs were higher in coffee drinkers in four studies, [8][9][10]12 lower in one study 14 and the same in two studies. 11,13 Overall, there was no difference in eGFR (MD 0.44 mL/min; 95% CI −3.34 to 4.21), but there was significant heterogeneity (I 2 =93.9%). One study was methodologically distinct with a 10-year age difference between coffee drinkers and non-drinkers.…”

“…We investigated statistical heterogeneity by calculating I 2 , and examined the effect on I 2 of excluding studies with significant methodological differences. All analyses were performed using the metafor package in R. 7 Seven studies reported cross-sectional eGFRs according to coffee consumption, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] including three from Wijarnpreecha et al 10,11,13 One study 8 reported adjusted MDs, and we calculated crude MDs from the others. The results are shown in Figure 1.…”

Behavior, nutrition and lifestyle in a comprehensive health and disease paradigm: skills and knowledge for a predictive, preventive and personalized medicine

“…In this dietary context, the use of coffee is of benefit for arterial hypertension through some renal mechanism [45,46] and for fatty liver through the increase of insulin sensitivity [47]. Multiple lifestyle behaviors have effects on health risks like obesity and other health outcomes.…”