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A possible opposite, if not antagonistic, role of coffee with regard to overweightness and insulin resistance, similar to that reported in hepatocarcinoma and cirrhosis, is envisaged in the natural history of NAFLD.

Onset and continuation of fatty liver disease, beyond food and exercise quantity and quality, with their effects on obesity, may also be associated with other aspects of lifestyle.

Ad36 seropositivity is not associated with a significant difference of IR in NAFLD patients, but is associated with a greater adiposity. Ad36 seropositivity is associated with a lower occurrence of NAFLD and bright liver, which, conceivably, is not directly mediated by IR.