Monolayer MoS 2 has emerged as an interesting material for nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices. The effect of substrate screening and defects on the electronic structure of MoS 2 are important considerations in the design of such devices. We find a giant renormalization to the freestanding quasiparticle band gap in the presence of metallic substrates, in agreement with recent scanning tunneling spectroscopy and photoluminescence experiments. Our sulfur vacancy defect calculations using the DFT+GW formalism, reveal two CTLs in the pristine band gap of MoS 2 .The (0/-1) CTL is significantly renormalized with the choice of substrate, with respect to the pristine valence band maximum. The (+1/0) level, on the other hand, is pinned 100 meV above the pristine VBM for the different substrates. This opens up a pathway to effectively engineer defect charge transition levels in 2D materials through choice of substrate.