Coffee consumption and total mortality: a meta-analysis of twenty prospective cohort studies

Abstract

Coffee consumption has been shown to be associated with various health outcomes, but no comprehensive review and meta-analysis of the association between coffee consumption and total mortality has been conducted. To quantitatively assess this association, we conducted a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eligible studies were identified by searching the PubMed and EMBASE databases for all articles published through June 2013 and reviewing the reference lists of the retrieved articles. Pooled relative risks (RR) with 95 % CI were calculated using a random-effects model. We identified twenty studies of coffee consumption and total mortality, including 129 538 cases of deaths among the 973 904 participants. The RR of total mortality for the high v. low category of coffee consumption was 0·86 (95 % CI 0·80, 0·92). The pooled RR for studies using $2 -4 cups/d as a cut-off for the high category was similar to that for studies using $5 -9 cups/d as the cut-off. By geographical region, the inverse association tended to be stronger for the eight studies conducted in Europe (RR 0·78, 95 % CI 0·70, 0·88) and three studies carried out in Japan (RR 0·82, 95 % CI 0·73, 0·92) than for the nine studies conducted in the USA (RR 0·92, 95 % CI 0·84, 1·00). The inverse association was similar for men (RR 0·81, 95 % CI 0·73, 0·90) and women (RR 0·84, 95 % CI 0·79, 0·89). A weak, but significant, inverse association was found with moderate coffee consumption (1-2 cups/d; RR 0·92, 95 % CI 0·87, 0·98). High decaffeinated coffee consumption was also found to be associated with a lower risk of death, but the data are limited. Our findings indicate that coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of total mortality.

Prospective study of coffee consumption and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality in Swedish women

“…This finding is in agreement with the results of the Nurses' Health Study and the National Institute of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study [9,14]. It is also consistent with three recent meta-analyses [4][5][6].…”

“…The quantitative relationship between coffee and all-cause mortality, cancer, and cardiovascular disease has been the topic of a large number of prospective studies with inconsistent results for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and have generally shown null results for cancer mortality. Four recent metaanalyses examined the association between coffee consumption and mortality [4][5][6][7]. All four reported an inverse association with all-cause mortality [4][5][6][7]; an unclear [6] or inverse association [4] with cardiovascular mortality; and no association with cancer mortality [4,6].…”

Coffee as modulator of liver injury: Fact and fiction

“…Lower levels of markers of liver injury such as gamma-glutamyl transferase and alanine transaminase are described with coffee intake. 2 Nevertheless, there are a number of unanswered questions such as whether the benefits of coffee consumption extend to all causes of liver disease. The single study assessing the impact of coffee consumption in patients with hepatitis B failed to find a beneficial impact, but the use of alcohol in the participants may have mitigated the potential beneficial effect of coffee.…”

Caffeine Consumption among Zayed University Students in Dubai, United Arab Emirates: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Several meta-analyses supported this conclusion [4,13]. On the other hand, woman who are planning to become pregnant, pregnant, or lactating females, should limit their intake to 300 mg/day due to the adverse effect of high caffeine on the fetal health (Victor et al, 2015).…”