Coffee consumption and risk of prostate cancer: a meta‐analysis of epidemiological studies

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between coffee consumption and the risk of prostate cancer. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the bibliographies of relevant articles in August 2009. Two evaluators independently reviewed and selected articles based on predetermined selection criteria. RESULTS Twelve epidemiological studies (eight case‐control studies and four cohort studies) were included in the final analysis. In a meta‐analysis of all included studies, when compared with the lowest level of coffee consumption, the overall relative risk (RR) of prostate cancer for the highest level of coffee consumption was 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.33). In subgroup meta‐analyses by study design, there was a significant positive (harmful) association between coffee consumption and prostate cancer risk in seven case‐control studies using both crude and adjusted data (RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.02–1.40; and RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.03–1.43, respectively), whereas there was no significant association in four cohort studies using crude or adjusted data (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.68–1.38; and RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.83–1.35, respectively). CONCLUSION Given that a cohort study gives a higher level of evidence than a case‐control study, there is no evidence to support a harmful effect of coffee consumption on prostate cancer risk. Further prospective cohort studies are required.

Coffee consumption and risk of prostate cancer: an up-to-date meta-analysis

“…3 After removing this study, the significant result of HCC studies disappeared. In the previous meta-analysis by Park et al, 8 case-control and cohort studies also showed different association results (RR ¼ 1.21, 95% CI ¼ 1.03-1.43; and RR ¼ 1.06, 95% CI ¼ 0.83-1.35, respectively). Their conflicting results might be because of the study mentioned above 3 and another study by Gallus et al 4 that was excluded in present meta-analysis because its subjects were overlapped by a larger study.…”

“…3,4 However, the reduced risk of prostate cancer in coffee drinkers was observed in several studies. [5][6][7] A meta-analysis, 8 including the results of eight case-control studies and four cohort studies, found an overall relative risk (RR) of 1.16 (95% confidence interval (CI) ¼ 1.01-1.33) for highest vs lowest coffee drinkers, but the combination of four cohort studies demonstrated no association (RR ¼ 1.06; 95% CI ¼ 0.83-1.35). Another meta-analysis, 9 combining five cohort studies, showed an inverse association of prostate cancer risk with high coffee intake (RR ¼ 0.79; 95% CI ¼ 0.61-0.98).…”

Clinical and histopathological characteristics of patients with prostate cancer in the BioBank Japan project

“…Furthermore, a genome-wide association study 20 identified 76 variants associated with a higher risk of developing prostate cancer, predominantly in populations of European descent compared to controls from studies in populations of European, African, Japanese, and Latin American descent. Since the association between lifestyle factors and prostate cancer risk is still unclear,21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 to elucidate the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, the identification of genetic variants associated with prostate cancer risk among Japanese men is important.…”

Melatonin in Edible and Non-Edible Plants

“…[83][84][85] A study reported that regular coffee consumption remarkably decreases the prevalence of human prostate cancer. [86][87][88] Scientists introduced that melatonin in wine besides the other secondary metabolites, had protective effect against heart injury. 89 Melatonin was determined high amount in Chinese medicinal herbs.…”