Coffee components and cardiovascular risk: beneficial and detrimental effects

Abstract

Coffee consists of several biological active compounds, such as caffeine, diterpenes, chlorogenic acids, and melanoidins, which may affect human health. The intake of each compound depends on the variety of coffee species, roasting degree, type of brewing method and serving size. The bioavailability and the distribution of each compound and its metabolites also contribute to coffee mechanisms of action. The health benefits of coffee consumption regarding cardiovascular system and metabolism mostly depend on its antioxidant compounds. In contrast, diterpenes and caffeine may produce harmful effects by raising lipid fraction and affecting endothelial function, respectively. Studying the mechanism of action of coffee components may help understanding weather coffee's impact on health is beneficial or hazardous. In this article, we reviewed the available information about coffee compounds and their mechanism of action. Furthermore, benefits and risks for cardiovascular system associated with coffee consumption will be discussed.

Coffee polyphenol consumption improves postprandial hyperglycemia associated with impaired vascular endothelial function in healthy male adults

“…Similar findings were also true for decaffeinated coffee consumption [6]. However, the active components responsible for the reduced risk of these diseases with daily coffee consumption have not yet been fully elucidated [7].…”

“…A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 7 Habitual coffee polyphenol ingestion improves vascular endothelial function [21], which is impaired in diabetes, as well as hypertension and the early-stages of cardiovascular diseases.…”

Caffeine Impact on Metabolic Syndrome Components Is Modulated by a CYP1A2 Variant

“…Coffee is also rich in chlorogenic acids, which are polyphenols among the phenolic acids. These acids have been shown to be anti-inflammatory by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators [25] , possibly reducing the impact of HTN [26] . We observed that there is a very strong association between HTN and T2DM, implying that coffee-dependent risks could transmit through HTN, as well as the other risk factors.…”

Effects of Green Coffee Bean Extract Supplementation on Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial

“…Bioactive phytochemicals of coffee have drawn attention due to their reported biological properties such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities (19), increased fatty acid oxidation and insulin sensitivity, and modulation of glucose absorption and utilization (20). However, coffee roasting process destroys significant amounts of the bioactive phytochemicals that are believed to be responsible for the biological actions, such as chlorogenic acid (11).…”