Coexpression of p165 myeloid surface antigen and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase: A comparison of acute myeloid leukaemia and normal bone marrow cells

Bradstock, Kenneth F.; Kerr, Arna; Kabral, Arnold; Favaloro, Emmanuel J.; Hewson, John

doi:10.1002/ajh.2830230107

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…This is at least a 100-fold increase in gens claimed to appear either early or late during normal differentiation (e.g. CD34 or TdT as opposed to CD20, CD22, or cytoplasmic µ chains) [26][27][28][29][30][31][32], were then mostly shown to be rare but not absent in normal B lymphopoiesis [1,17,18,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. Normal cells with these phenotypes could be traced in minute quantities (at approximately 1-10 among 10.000 cells) in bone marrow, and evidence emerged that physiologic cells with such features may become even more numerous during hematopoietic regeneration periods after chemotherapy [1,37,[40][41][42][43][44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

2001

Oncol Res Treat

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Assessment of minimal residual disease (MRD) during the first months of therapy gives information on the timely response to treatment, and proves to be a powerful and independent indicator of treatment outcome in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Immunological evaluation by flow cytometry (FC) is one of the most attractive approaches to this. The present review summarizes the historical development of the technique over the last 20 years, showing that current methodology is based on the existence of leukemia-associated patterns of asynchrony in antigen expression with respect to normal differentiation or location of occurrence. Such asynchrony allows the sensitive detection of rare malignant cells by multiparametric FC, although completely leukemia-specific antigens for broad application do not exist. Clinical studies proved that the technology should now be applicable to almost all patients with ALL and that immunological MRD results correlate well with outcome. However, based on the available set of FC data, it is yet too early to draw firm conclusions for clinical application. Issues still to be addressed by comprehensive and non-selecting investigations on the basis of the most widely used treatment protocols are whether 1) quantitative data generated by PCR and FC are interchangeable, 2) differences between therapeutic regimens influence the significance of qualitative and quantitative aspects of MRD, and 3) absolute enumeration of MRD bears advantages over the common practice of relative quantification. Concluding remarks further relate to technical issues which may allow to simplify the approach in the future which should augment also its economic efficiency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

2001

Oncol Res Treat

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“…We published our initial research findings in many well-respected peer reviewed hematology journals, including the British Journal of Haematology, the American Journal of Hematology, and Leukemia Research. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The monoclonal antibodies included WM-15 and WM-47 (against Cluster of Differentiation [CD]-33); WM-53 and WM-54 (CD-33); WM-25 and WM-35 (CD-1); WM-21 (CD-10); WM-12 (CD-11); WM-59 (CD-31); WM-23, AK-1, AK-2, AK-3 (CD-42b); AK-7 (CD-49b); AK-4; and AK-6 (CD-62P), just to name a few of the more successful clones. I do not follow the field too closely anymore, but I understand that great strides are now being made in leukemia therapy, particularly with novel treatments such as CAR-T cell therapy.…”

Section: My Early Careermentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Hemostasis Testing: A Personal Reflection Covering over 40 Years of History*

Favaloro

2023

Semin Thromb Hemost

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There is no certainty in change, other than change is certain. As Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis celebrates 50 years of publication, I felt it appropriate to reflect on my own 40-year plus scientific career. My career in the thrombosis and hemostasis field did not start until 1987, but the subsequent 35 years reflected a period of significant change in associated disease diagnostics. I started in the Westmead Hospital “coagulation laboratory” when staff were still performing manual clotting tests, using stopwatches, pipettes, test tubes, and a water bath, which we transported to the hospital outpatient department to run our weekly warfarin clinic. Several hemostasis instruments have come and gone, including the Coag-A-Mate X2, the ACL-300R, the MDA-180, the BCS XP, and several StaR Evolution analyzers. Some instruments remain, including the PFA-100, PFA-200, the AggRAM, the CS-5100, an AcuStar, a Hydrasys gel system, and two ACL-TOP 750s. We still have a water bath, but this is primarily used to defrost frozen samples, and manual clotting tests are only used to teach visiting medical students. We have migrated across several methodologies in the 45-year history of the local laboratory. Laurel gel rockets, used for several assays in the 1980s, were replaced with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assays and most assays were eventually placed on automated instruments. Radio-isotopic assays, used in the 1980s, were replaced by an alternate safer method or else abandoned. Test numbers have increased markedly over time. The approximately 31,000 hemostasis assays performed at the Westmead-based laboratory in 1983 had become approximately 200,000 in 2022, a sixfold increase. Some 90,000 prothrombin times and activated partial thromboplastic times are now performed at this laboratory per year. Thrombophilia assays were added to the test repertoires over time, as were the tests to measure several anticoagulant drugs, most recently the direct oral anticoagulants. I hope my personal history, reflecting on the changes in hemostasis testing over my career to date in the field, is found to be of interest to the readership, and I hope they forgive any inaccuracies I have introduced in this reflection of the past.

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Monoclonal antibodies in the management of acute leukemia

et al. 1995

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This report reviews the diagnostic significance of immune markers, their relationship to patient outcome, and the therapeutic uses of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) in acute leukemia. Immunophenotyping allows for rapid and reproducible diagnosis in the majority of cases of acute leukemia. It is of particular importance in recognizing the major immunologic subclasses of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and in identifying subtypes of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) which cannot be differentiated by morphology and cytochemistry alone, such as FAB M0 or M7. Immune marker analysis has been used to detect minimal residual disease in patients' bone marrow and CSF after treatment. However, the presence of leukemia-associated phenotypes on small numbers of normal cells may reduce the sensitivity of detection in some cases. The prognostic value of immune markers in AML is limited. In ALL, the prognostic significance of the different immunophenotypic subtypes has been lessened by modern treatment protocols. The relationship of mixed-lineage or biphenotypic antigen expression to patient outcome in both AML and ALL is unclear. Therapeutic applications of MoAbs in acute leukemia include immunologic techniques for purging malignant cells from autografts prior to transplantation, T-lymphocyte depletion from allografts as a strategy to reduce graft-versus-host disease, and the use of flow cytometry to monitor the timing and extent of leukapheresis in peripheral stem cell transplantation. MoAbs have also enabled the recent development of transplantation protocols using positively-selected CD34+ stem cells.

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Coexpression of p165 myeloid surface antigen and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase: A comparison of acute myeloid leukaemia and normal bone marrow cells

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Immunological Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Immunological Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Evolution of Hemostasis Testing: A Personal Reflection Covering over 40 Years of History*

Monoclonal antibodies in the management of acute leukemia

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