Objective: Our objective was to assess effects of dietary supplementation with coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ) on blood pressure and glycaemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes, and to consider oxidative stress as a potential mechanism for any effects. Subjects and design: Seventy-four subjects with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes and dyslipidaemia were involved in a randomised double blind placebo-controlled 2Â2 factorial intervention. Setting: The study was performed at the University of Western Australia, Department of Medicine at Royal Perth Hospital, Australia. Interventions: Subjects were randomly assigned to receive an oral dose of 100 mg CoQ twice daily (200 mg=day), 200 mg fenofibrate each morning, both or neither for 12 weeks. Main outcome measures: We report an analysis and discussion of the effects of CoQ on blood pressure, on long-term glycaemic control measured by glycated haemoglobin (HbA 1c ), and on oxidative stress assessed by measurement of plasma F 2 -isoprostanes. Results: Fenofibrate did not alter blood pressure, HbA 1c , or plasma F 2 -isoprostanes. There was a 3-fold increase in plasma CoQ concentration (3.4 AE 0.3 mmol=l, P < 0.001) as a result of CoQ supplementation. The main effect of CoQ was to significantly decrease systolic ( 7 6.1 AE 2.6 mmHg, P ¼ 0.021) and diastolic ( 7 2.9 AE 1.4 mmHg, P ¼ 0.048) blood pressure and HbA 1c ( 7 0.37 AE 0.17%, P ¼ 0.032). Plasma F 2 -isoprostane concentrations were not altered by CoQ (0.14 AE 0.15 nmol=l, P ¼ 0.345). Conclusions: These results show that CoQ supplementation may improve blood pressure and long-term glycaemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes, but these improvements were not associated with reduced oxidative stress, as assessed by F 2 -isoprostanes.