Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials

Cui, Tie Jun; Qi, Mei; Wan, Xiang; Zhao, Jie; Cheng, Qiang

doi:10.1038/lsa.2014.99

Cited by 2,640 publications

(1,848 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This technology could also create dynamic diffraction gratings for spectroscopy and wavelength division multiplexing; switchable frequency selective surfaces, reflectors, light diffusers and scatters; non-volatile reconfigurable spatial light modulators and signal distributers both for on-chip applications and space division multiplexing in telecommunication networks; tunable elements for dispersion correction; adaptive optics for aberration correction and reconfigurable near-field devices such as programmable light concentrators. Additionally, digital metamaterials 20,21,22 allow the design of powerful new functionalities and are very well suited for combination with the flexibility of reconfigurable direct writing. This combination should simplify the design process and speed up the development of the above applications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As substantial efforts are now focused on developing metamaterials with switchable 11, 12 and reconfigurable metadevices 13 driven by thermal 14,15 , electrostatic 16 and magnetic forces 17,18 and stretching 19 , and we are witnessing the emergence of concepts of randomly accessible reconfigurable metamaterials in the microwave 20,21,22 and optical regions of the spectrum 23, 24 thus making reconfigurable photonic devices 2 controllable by external signals a realistic possibility. Here we introduce and demonstrate dynamic photonic components written into a dielectric film that can be randomly and reversibly reconfigured with light.…”

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Optically reconfigurable metasurfaces and photonic devices based on phase change materials

et al. 2015

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Photonic components with adjustable parameters, such as variable-focal-length lenses or spectral filters, that can change functionality upon optical stimulation, could offer numerous useful applications. Tuning of such components is conventionally achieved by either micro-or nano-mechanical actuation of their constitutive parts, by stretching or heating. Here we report a new type of dielectric metasurface for making reconfigurable optical components that are created with light in a non-volatile and reversible fashion. Such components are written, erased and re-written as two-dimensional binary or grey-scale patterns into a nanoscale film of phase change material by inducing a refractive-index-changing phase-transition with tailored trains of femtosecond pulses. We combine germanium-antimony-tellurium-based films with a sub-wavelength-resolution optical writing process to demonstrate a variety of devices: visible-range reconfigurable bi-chromatic and multi-focus Fresnel zone-plates, a super-oscillatory lens with sub-wavelength focus, a grey-scale hologram and a dielectric metamaterial with on-demand reflection and transmission resonances.A metasurface made of carefully designed discrete metallic or dielectric elements can exhibit interesting abilities for directing the flow of electromagnetic radiation across the entire electromagnetic spectrum with similar capabilities to planar holograms in optics 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 . As substantial efforts are now focused on developing metamaterials with switchable 11, 12 and reconfigurable metadevices 13 driven by thermal 14,15 , electrostatic 16 and magnetic forces 17,18 and stretching 19 , and we are witnessing the emergence of concepts of randomly accessible reconfigurable metamaterials in the microwave 20,21,22 and optical regions of the spectrum 23, 24 thus making reconfigurable photonic devices 2 controllable by external signals a realistic possibility. Here we introduce and demonstrate dynamic photonic components written into a dielectric film that can be randomly and reversibly reconfigured with light. Recent work demonstrated control of a metamaterial with light 25 . In contrast, the technique reported here allows random and non-volatile two-dimensional control of optical properties of the film with diffraction-limited resolution and in a femtosecond (fs) time-frame. This provides much more flexibility and allows the creation of various photonic functions difficult or impossible with the above mentioned technologies. The randomly reconfigurable metasurface uses phase-change material and is written, erased and re-written as a two-dimensional binary or grey-scale pattern into a nanoscale thin film by inducing a refractive-index-changing phase-transition with tailored trains of femtosecond pulses.We use phase-change medium, the chalcogenide compound Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (GST), which is widely exploited in rewritable optical disk storage technology and non-volatile electronic memories due to its good thermal stability, high switching speed and large number of achievable rewr...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Optically reconfigurable metasurfaces and photonic devices based on phase change materials

et al. 2015

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“…The mechanism to reduce the RCS is achieved by redirecting reflective the EM energies in all directions through the digital elements of the coding metasurface25.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To improve the bandwidth of RCS reduction and obtain large freedom to design a structure, Cui et al . proposed the coding metasurface, where in the RCS reduction was below −10 dB over a broad frequency range from 7.5 GHz to 15 GHz25. This special metasurface may significantly simplify the design of specific device functionalities262728293031.…”

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confidence: 99%

Broadband and wide-angle RCS reduction using a 2-bit coding ultrathin metasurface at terahertz frequencies

Liu

Wei

Yan

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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A novel broadband and wide-angle 2-bit coding metasurface for radar cross section (RCS) reduction is proposed and characterized at terahertz (THz) frequencies. The ultrathin metasurface is composed of four digital elements based on a metallic double cross line structure. The reflection phase difference of neighboring elements is approximately 90° over a broadband THz frequency. The mechanism of RCS reduction is achieved by optimizing the coding element sequences, which redirects the electromagnetic energies to all directions in broad frequencies. An RCS reduction of less than −10 dB bandwidth from 0.7 THz to 1.3 THz is achieved in the experimental and numerical simulations. The simulation results also show that broadband RCS reduction can be achieved at an incident angle below 60° for TE and TM polarizations under flat and curve coding metasurfaces. These results open a new approach to flexibly control THz waves and may offer widespread applications for novel THz devices.

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“…Two 1-bit periodic coding metasurfaces to control the scatering of beams by designing the coding sequences of "0" and "1" elements: (j) the 010101…/010101… code and (k) 010101…/101010… code. Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd [67], Light: Science and Applications, copyright 2015. [66].…”

Section: Information Coding and Wave Coding With Metamaterials Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization State Manipulation of Electromagnetic Waves with Metamaterials and Its Applications in Nanophotonics

Chen¹,

Liu²,

Li³

et al. 2017

Metamaterials - Devices and Applications

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Polarization state is an important characteristic of electromagnetic waves. The arbitrary control of the polarization state of such wave has atracted great interest in the scientiic community because of the wide range of modern optical applications that such control can aford. Recent advances in metamaterials provide an alternative method of realizing arbitrary manipulation of polarization state of electromagnetic waves in nanoscale via ultrathin, miniaturized, and easily integrable designs. In this chapter, we give a review of recent developments on polarization state manipulation of electromagnetic waves in metamaterials and discuss their applications in nanophotonics, such as polarization converter, wavefront controller, information coding, and so on.

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Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials

Cited by 2,640 publications

References 48 publications

Optically reconfigurable metasurfaces and photonic devices based on phase change materials

Optically reconfigurable metasurfaces and photonic devices based on phase change materials

Broadband and wide-angle RCS reduction using a 2-bit coding ultrathin metasurface at terahertz frequencies

Polarization State Manipulation of Electromagnetic Waves with Metamaterials and Its Applications in Nanophotonics

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