Optically reconfigurable metasurfaces and photonic devices based on phase change materials

Wang, Qian; Rogers, Edward T. F.; Gholipour, Behrad; Wang, Chih–Ming; Yuan, Guanghui; Teng, Jinghua; Zheludev, Nikolay I.

doi:10.1038/nphoton.2015.247

Cited by 993 publications

(844 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Long term (nonvolatile) tuning of surface optical properties was recently demonstrated by Zheludev's group [159]. The optical properties of chalcogenide glass PCM substrate (GST) were locally modified (written, erased, and rewritten) by inducing a refractive-index-changing phase transition with femtosecond pulses (see Figure 9).…”

Section: Discussion Outlook and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metasurfaces-based holography and beam shaping: engineering the phase profile of light

Scheuer

2016

Nanophotonics

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Abstract:The ability to engineer and shape the phase profile of optical beams is in the heart of any optical element. Be it a simple lens or a sophisticated holographic element, the functionality of such components is dictated by their spatial phase response. In contrast to conventional optical components which rely on thickness variation to induce a phase profile, metasurfaces facilitate the realization of arbitrary phase distributions using large arrays with subwavelength and ultrathin (tens of nanometers) features. Such components can be easily realized using a single lithographic step and is highly suited for patterning a variety of substrates, including nonplanar and soft surfaces. In this article, we review the recent developments, potential, and opportunities of metasurfaces applications. We focus primarily on flat optical devices, holography, and beam-shaping applications as these are the key ingredients needed for the development of a new generation of optical devices which could find widespread applications in photonics.

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Section: Discussion Outlook and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metasurfaces-based holography and beam shaping: engineering the phase profile of light

Scheuer

2016

Nanophotonics

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“…To this end, significant work has been done in the research and synthesis of new functional materials, and their integration with traditional metamaterial building blocks [128]. Examples include the use of microelectromechanical (MEMs) systems [129][130][131], charge carrier injection [132][133][134][135][136], phase change materials [137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145] and liquid crystals [146][147][148] for dynamic reconfigurability.…”

Section: Active/2d Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional and emerging materials for optical metasurfaces

et al. 2017

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Abstract:One of the most promising and vibrant research areas in nanotechnology has been the field of metasurfaces. These are two dimensional representations of metaatoms, or artificial interfaces designed to possess specialized electromagnetic properties which do not occur in nature, for specific applications. In this article, we present a brief review of metasurfaces from a materials perspective, and examine how the choice of different materials impact functionalities ranging from operating bandwidth to efficiencies. We place particular emphasis on emerging and non-traditional materials for metasurfaces such as high index dielectrics, topological insulators and digital metamaterials, and the potentially transformative role they could play in shaping further advances in the field. General Introduction to optical metasurfacesUnexpected and unusual effects have been recently reported in various fields of research, such as but not limited to acoustics, seismology, thermal physics, and electromagnetism. At the heart of these developments is a progres- sive understanding of the wave-matter interaction and our ability to artificially manipulate it, particularly at small length scales. This has in turn been largely driven by the discovery and engineering of materials at extreme limit. These "metamaterials" possess exotic properties that go beyond conventional or naturally occurring materials. Encompassing many new research directions, the field of metamaterials is rapidly expanding, and therefore, writing a complete review on this subject is a formidable task; here instead, we present a comprehensive review in which we discuss the progress and the emerging materials for metasurfaces, i.e. artificially designed ultrathin two dimensional optical metamaterials with customizable functionalities to produce designer outputs. Metasurfaces are often considered as the two dimensional versions of 3D metamaterials. The former, also known as frequency selective surfaces, or reflectand transmit-arrays in the microwave community [1-6], which has been recently shown to produce a variety of spectacular optical effects ranging from negative refraction [7], super/hyper-lensing [8][9][10], optical mirages to cloaking [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], are comprised of artificial materials engineered at the subwavelength scale to guide light along any arbitrary direction. The functionalities of individual optical components, which were previously essentially determined by the optical properties of materials, can now be specified at will. Effective material optical parameters can be rigorously derived via homogenization techniques by averaging the electromagnetic fields over a subwavelength volume encompassing each individual element of the periodic ensemble of resonant inclusions, with arbitrary geometry [12,[15][16][17][18][19]. Thus although metamaterials can be tailored for exotic optical functions, the basic mechanism responsible for shaping the optical wavefronts remains the same as that in conventional refractive optics: it is b...

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“…By combining germanium-antimony-tellurium-based films with a diffraction-limited-resolution optical writing process, we demonstrated that reconfigurable bichromatic and multifocus Fresnel zone plates, superoscillatory lenses with subwavelength focus, grayscale holograms, reconfigurable photo-masks and dielectric metamaterials with on-demand resonances can be created with this technology [63,64]. Today, phase-change is widely seen as a key technology for nanophotonic and metamaterial switching and memory, and many leading nanophotonic research groups run projects developing phase-change technology.…”

Section: Developing Metamaterials Technology: Switching and Tunabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Metamaterials at the University of Southampton and beyond

Zheludev¹

2017

J. Opt.

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At the University of Southampton, research on metamaterials started in 2000 with a paper describing a metallic microstructure, comprising an ensemble of fully metallic 'molecules'. In the years since then, metamaterials have evolved from an approach for designing unusual electromagnetic properties by structuring matter at the sub-wavelength scale to become a universal paradigm for active functional media with optical properties on demand at any given point in time and space. Metamaterials are now recognized as a promising enabling technology and one of the most buoyant and exciting research disciplines at the crossroads between photonics and nanoscience. Many 'made in Southampton' concepts have influenced the global research community, and we are now working in collaboration with our sister research centre in Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. In this article, I provide a historical overview of the metamaterials research field, from early studies to recent developments through the lens of the Southampton group, and discuss promising future directions.

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Optically reconfigurable metasurfaces and photonic devices based on phase change materials

Cited by 993 publications

References 38 publications

Metasurfaces-based holography and beam shaping: engineering the phase profile of light

Metasurfaces-based holography and beam shaping: engineering the phase profile of light

Traditional and emerging materials for optical metasurfaces

Metamaterials at the University of Southampton and beyond

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