Code Switching and Mixing

Coactivation in bilingual grammars: A computational account of code mixing

“…An alternative approach assumes the grammatical principles of two languages are integrated during code mixing, and that this integration yields the patterns (Chan, 2003, 2008, 2009; Lohndal, 2013; MacSwan, 1999, 2000; Mahootian, 1993; Woolford, 1983; a.o.). Since Mahootian (1993), this position is commonly referred to as the “null theory” of code mixing, according to which monolingual and bilingual grammars should be subject to identical representational/grammatical constraints and psychological principles.…”

Professional reasoning, legal cultures, and arbitral awards

“…This code-switching is almost exclusively of the intrasentential kind, where the switching takes place at the level of word or phrase. However, there are also three examples of intersentential code-switching, namely, at the level of clause or sentence, and these examples range from 12 to 59 words in length (see Mahootian 2006, for a useful overview of kinds of code-switching). All of the code-switching occurs as part of the arbitrator's discussion of the law, in the form of intertextual references to: (a) legal institutions; (b) sources of law; (c) legal rules, principles and concepts; and (d) agreements or correspondence between the parties.…”

Code‐switching and borrowing in Irish1

“…Sankoff (2001) and Mahootian (2006) comment on the controversy in the code‐switching literature with regard to distinguishing between single‐word switches and single‐word loans. Myers‐Scotton (2002) treats them as part of the continuum of code‐switches, and only views single‐word switches as established borrowings if they are assimilated.…”

“…Deuchar (2005) distinguishes between single‐word code‐switches and loans on the basis of their ‘listedness’ (Muysken 2000) or inclusion in established dictionaries. A problem with using this criterion crosslinguistically is that the official recognition of items as loans may be influenced by their degree of phonological integration, and, as Mahootian (2006) noted, using degree of integration to distinguish code‐switches from loans is problematic. Firstly, determination of morphological integration is not possible for uninflected morphemes.…”