Cocoa pod husk extract-mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles: its antimicrobial, antioxidant and larvicidal activities

Abstract

The present investigation reports utility of cocoa pod husk extract (CPHE), an agro-waste in the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) under ambient condition. The synthesized CPHE-AgNPs were characterized by UVvisible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The feasibility of the CPHE-AgNPs as antimicrobial agent against some multidrug-resistant clinical isolates, paint additive, and their antioxidant and larvicidal activities were evaluated. CPHE-AgNPs were predominantly spherical (size range of 4-32 nm) with face-centered cubic phase and crystalline conformation pattern revealed by selected area electron diffraction, while EDX analysis showed the presence of silver as a prominent metal. The synthesized nanoparticles effectively inhibited multidrug-resistant isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli at a concentration of 40 lg/ml, and enhanced the activities of cefuroxime and ampicillin in synergistic manner at 42.9-100 % concentration, while it completely inhibited the growth of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger as additive in emulsion paint. The antioxidant activities of the CPHE-AgNPs were found to be excellent, while highly potent larvicidal activities against the larvae of Anopheles mosquito at 10-100 lg/ml concentration were observed. Our study demonstrated for the first time the utility of CPHE in the biosynthesis of CPHE-AgNPs with potential applications as antimicrobial and larvicidal agents, and paint additives for coating material surfaces to protect them against microbial growth while improving their shelf life.

Silver‐gold alloy nanoparticles biofabricated by fungal xylanases exhibited potent biomedical and catalytic activities

“…Consequently, there arose a demand for green nanotechnology that comprises clean, safe, and environmentally friendly systems of nanoparticles fabrication. 2 The biological technique, which is a key component of the green nanotechnology has expanded in the last decade to biosynthesize metallic nanoparticles owing to abundance of a wide-range of biological resources such as bacteria, [3][4][5][6][7] fungi, 8 plants' extracts, [9][10][11][12][13][14] enzymes, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] as well as metabolites of arthropods. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] There are outstanding reviews on the use of pigments, agrowastes, enzymes, arthropods, and their metabolites for the ecofriendly and benign synthesis of nanoparticles.…”

Controllable Transdermal Drug Delivery of Theobroma cacao Extract Based Polymeric Hydrogel against Dermal Microbial and Oxidative Damage

“…This protects the natural antioxidants from destruction and consequently reduces cell and tissue damage. To date, numerous studies on the antioxidant activity of plant extracts have been published [84]. Of these, Lee, Kim, Lee, and Lee et al…”

Cocoa Bean-Extract Mediated Graphene Quantum Dots as Antimicrobial, Anticancer and Plant Growth Regulators

“…Fresh cocoa seeds were collected and the seeds were then washed, air-dried, then crushed and milled into powder with the aid of electric bender. Cocoa seed extract was obtained following the methods of Lateef et al [15][16][17] and later filtered and then centrifuged at 4000 rpm to get the final cocoa seed extract (CSE). Then, the extract was stored at 4°C for further use.…”

“…Over the last two decades, nanotechnology has formed the most promising discipline within science likely to present solutions for the growing challenges in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, therapeutics and diagnostics [1]. Synthesis of metal nanoparticles like Silver, gold, platinum, copper, selenium, quantum dots etc, with a particular shape, size and morphology is an important area of modern research [2]. Graphene quantum dots (GQDS), the zero-dimensional graphene nanoparticles with unique properties such as biocompatibility and photoluminescence have attracted remarkable interest in the field of nano-science [3].…”