Cocktails of pesticide residues in conventional and organic farming systems in Europe – Legacy of the past and turning point for the future

Geissen, Violette; Silva, Vera; Lwanga, Esperanza Huerta; Bériot, Nicolas; Oostindie, K.; Bin, Zhaoqi; Pyne, Erin; Busink, Sjors; Zomer, Paul; Mol, Hans; Ritsema, C.J.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827

Cited by 104 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…We recognize that it is unlikely that all a.s. allowed per crop-EU region are applied on single elds or on each eld, and indeed interviews to EU conventional farmers indicate a smaller pool of a.s. and lower pesticide input than predicted here. Geissen et al 21 reported a maximum of 11, 22, 18 and 44 a.s. applied per eld/year in Spanish orchards, Spanish vegetables elds, Portuguese vineyards and Dutch potato elds, respectively -for these crop-regions BAU considers 39, 68, 56 and 58 a.s., respectively. On the other hand, these interviews also revealed that the number of recommended applications and the recommended application rates are sometimes exceeded in the eld, when pest pressure is severe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Phase-out a.s. should be selected via an integrated use and hazard approach. Finally, the fact that Geissen et al 21 reported higher values than those of FAOSTAT raise concerns on the quality of reference pesticide statistics data and/or need of clari cation or improvement of reference pesticide indicators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IPM is compulsory in the EU since 2014 19 , and organic production highly encouraged, and expected to represent at least 25% of EU's agricultural land by 2030 15 . Nevertheless, even IPM and organically managed areas can be affected by pesticides, due to current and/or past use of pesticides, or due to off-site contamination [20][21][22] . Environmental and bio-monitoring data on pesticide residues are essential to quantify exposure and potential risks of pesticides, including the risk reductions along increasingly regulated pesticide use gradients, yet such monitoring data are scarce and fragmented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Environmental and human health at risk – scenarios to achieve the EU’s 50% pesticide reduction goals.

Silva

Yang

Fleskens

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The recently released Farm to Fork Strategy sets, for the first time ever, pesticide reduction goals at the EU level: 50% reduction in overall use and risk of chemical pesticides and 50% use reduction of more hazardous pesticides. However, little guidance is provided to achieve these targets. In this study, we compiled the characteristics and recommended application rates of 230 EU approved, synthetic, open-field use active substances and explored the potential of eight pesticide reduction scenarios (defined based on application rates, pesticide type, persistence, and hazard) to achieve the reduction goals. Our approach revealed that all 230 substances are potentially harmful to humans or ecosystems, and that only severe pesticide use restrictions such as full conversion to organic farming or allowing only low hazard substances will result in 50% reductions. Our results emphasis the need of an EC action plan on how to achieve and maintain the aimed reduction levels.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Environmental and human health at risk – scenarios to achieve the EU’s 50% pesticide reduction goals.

Silva

Yang

Fleskens

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The excessive use of pestides and their consequent relative cocktails has also had heavy repercussions on the qualitative characteristics of soils for agricultural use (Geiger et al, 2010) impairing the ability of the soil to host a wide variety of crops (Dinis- Oliveira et al, 2006) and to perform other ecosystem services with long-term implications even in soils of organic farms, as some scholars (Geissen et al, 2021) have shown.…”

Section: Adverse Effects On Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This overall situation can be complicated by simultaneous use of different products and complex mixtures with unpredicted cocktails' effects on the environment and life (Maksymiv, 2015;Milo, 2020;Geissen et al, 2021). Regarding the chemical interaction of pesticides, between them and with organic substrate, much obviously depends on the nature of compounds, that is, on their chemical family, on their doses, on climate (Hernández et al, 2017;Koli et al, 2019) and sensitivity of the organs and tissues subject to intoxication (Ghuman et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides: An Overview of the Current Health Problems of Their Use

Leoci¹,

Ruberti²

2021

GEP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The necessity to produce increasing quantities of food to meet the demand of ever-increasing populations has led to the massive use of pesticides in agriculture. Their massive consumption derives from the need to subtract food from competition of fungi, bacteria, and insects and agricultural land from the invasion of competing weeds. Modern agriculture floats on an ocean of synthetic chemical compounds used to crop protection and food preservation during storage. Presently, worldwide about 2000 active ingredients have been listed, categorized into about 60 classes of chemicals. In the world, the overall pesticides, used in agriculture, are about 4.1 million tonnes/years. The exposure of animals and humans to pesticides could be related to neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption, liver and kidney damage, cancer, reproductive effects (sperm abnormalities, decreased fertility, fetal growth retardation, birth defects, or spontaneous abortion), and growth modifications. However, the knowledge about their potential damage to the organs of reproduction, breastfeeding, and infants is still largely insufficient. It is necessary to improve new methods to identify and regulate the long-term safety of pesticides use, to protect the environment and health, and to eliminate the adverse effect of pesticides on the environment and non-target organisms. The assessment of possible risks of old and new pesticides must be increased to include the possible effects on reproduction on animals and pregnancy loss even after a long time. In the meantime, it is necessary to minimize the use of synthetic chemical compounds by increasing the use of biological systems.

show abstract

Chemical Mixtures and Multiple Stressors: Same but Different?

Schäfer

Jackson

Juvigny‐Khenafou

et al. 2023

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ecosystems are strongly influenced by multiple anthropogenic stressors, including a wide range of chemicals and their mixtures. Studies on the effects of multiple stressors have largely focussed on nonchemical stressors, whereas studies on chemical mixtures have largely ignored other stressors. However, both research areas face similar challenges and require similar tools and methods to predict the joint effects of chemicals or nonchemical stressors, and frameworks to integrate multiple chemical and nonchemical stressors are missing. We provide an overview of the research paradigms, tools, and methods commonly used in multiple stressor and chemical mixture research and discuss potential domains of cross‐fertilization and joint challenges. First, we compare the general paradigms of ecotoxicology and (applied) ecology to explain the historical divide. Subsequently, we compare methods and approaches for the identification of interactions, stressor characterization, and designing experiments. We suggest that both multiple stressor and chemical mixture research are too focused on interactions and would benefit from integration regarding null model selection. Stressor characterization is typically more costly for chemical mixtures. While for chemical mixtures comprehensive classification systems at suborganismal level have been developed, recent classification systems for multiple stressors account for environmental context. Both research areas suffer from rather simplified experimental designs that focus on only a limited number of stressors, chemicals, and treatments. We discuss concepts that can guide more realistic designs capturing spatiotemporal stressor dynamics. We suggest that process‐based and data‐driven models are particularly promising to tackle the challenge of prediction of effects of chemical mixtures and nonchemical stressors on (meta‐)communities and (meta‐)food webs. We propose a framework to integrate the assessment of effects for multiple stressors and chemical mixtures. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;00:1–22. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

show abstract

Cocktails of pesticide residues in conventional and organic farming systems in Europe – Legacy of the past and turning point for the future

Cited by 104 publications

References 25 publications

Environmental and human health at risk – scenarios to achieve the EU’s 50% pesticide reduction goals.

Environmental and human health at risk – scenarios to achieve the EU’s 50% pesticide reduction goals.

Pesticides: An Overview of the Current Health Problems of Their Use

Chemical Mixtures and Multiple Stressors: Same but Different?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About