Cocaine postmortem distribution in three brain structures: A comparison with whole blood and vitreous humour

Carvalho, Virgínia Martins; Fukushima, André Rinaldi; Fontes, Luiz Roberto; Fuzinato, Daniela; Flório, Jorge Camilo; Chasin, Alice Aparecida da Matta

doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2012.06.006

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Several reports have demonstrated that finding codeine to morphine ratio (C/M) less than 1 in blood or VH provides a good indication of heroin use [112][113][114][115][116][117]. In all of the heroin related deaths investigated in one present study, C/M ratios in blood and VH were less than 1, consistent with heroin exposure [111].…”

Section: Alcohol and Drugssupporting

confidence: 48%

Vitreous Humor: A Short Review on Post-mortem Applications

J¹

2015

J Clin Exp Pathol

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Vitreous humor has been investigated since the 1960s, with many debates occurring over the years with regard to the usefulness of its specific applications. The composition of several electrolytes in post-mortem vitreous humour has been extensively studied. Using the fluid for determining the cause of death has also become commonplace, including testing glucose levels of diabetic related deaths, as well as alcohol and drug related fatalities. The debate regarding the composition between two eyes of the same individual has been an issue in the past, but has since been resolved.

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Section: Alcohol and Drugssupporting

confidence: 48%

Vitreous Humor: A Short Review on Post-mortem Applications

J¹

2015

J Clin Exp Pathol

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“…According to the authors, VH could confirm the presence of cocaine in absence of blood but by no means could it estimate the blood concentration accurately. Carvahlo et al [ 273 ] reported excellent correlation between VH and blood levels for cocaine ( r = 0.98) and benzoylecgonine ( r = 0.95) in 7 deaths by cocaine overdose but not in the 11 cases of accidental death. Another study showed that mean concentrations ( n = 53) of cocaine and cocaethylene did not significantly differ between blood and VH, unlike benzoylecgonine, and reported correlations between blood and VH levels for benzoylecgonine ( r = 0.763) and cocaine ( r = 0.854), but not for cocaethylene ( r = 0.343) [ 268 ].…”

Section: Interpretation Of Vitreous Humor Analysis Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitreous humor analysis for the detection of xenobiotics in forensic toxicology: a review

et al. 2015

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Vitreous humor (VH) is a gelatinous substance contained in the posterior chamber of the eye, playing a mechanical role in the eyeball. It has been the subject of numerous studies in various forensic applications, primarily for the assessment of postmortem interval and for postmortem chemical analysis. Since most of the xenobiotics present in the bloodstream are detected in VH after crossing the selective blood-retinal barrier, VH is an alternative matrix useful for forensic toxicology. VH analysis offers particular advantages over other biological matrices: it is less prone to postmortem redistribution, is easy to collect, has relatively few interfering compounds for the analytical process, and shows sample stability over time after death. The present study is an overview of VH physiology, drug transport and elimination. Collection, storage, analytical techniques and interpretation of results from qualitative and quantitative points of view are dealt with. The distribution of xenobiotics in VH samples is thus discussed and illustrated by a table reporting the concentrations of 106 drugs from more than 300 case reports. For this purpose, a survey was conducted of publications found in the MEDLINE database from 1969 through April 30, 2015.

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“…O território brasileiro representa uma rota de tráfico, parte da cocaína que segue para a Europa e América do Norte permanece no país abastecendo o mercado ilícito interno, acarretando um grave problema de ordem social, relacionado à criminalidade direta (tráfico e delitos influenciados pelo uso) e indireta (lavagem de dinheiro, corrupção e tráfico de armas) (26) .…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Perícias forenses: análise dos laudos toxicológicos no estado do Ceará / Forensic expertise: analysis of toxicological releases in the state of Ceará

Borges

Torres

Neto

et al. 2020

Arq Med Hosp Fac Cienc Med Santa Casa São Paulo

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Objetivo: A pesquisa teve como objetivo conhecer o perfil das análises toxicológicas de psicoativos post mortem realizadas na PEFOCE no ano de 2016. Materiais e Métodos: O estudo foi do tipo retrospectivo, transversal com caráter descritivo, consistindo em uma abordagem predominantemente quantitativa. Dos laudos em que era positivo para a presença de psicoativo em amostra biológica post mortem, coletava-se as informações de interesse, e quando a causa mortis estava relacionada com a substância psicoativa, esta era incluída na pesquisa. Informações como gênero, amostra biológica utilizada e causa mortis, não foram coletadas dos exames toxicológicos negativo para substância psicoativa. Resultados: Dos 750 laudos selecionados para fazerem parte deste estudo, 67 (8,93%) foram excluídos por serem inconclusivos, resultando numa amostra de 683 laudos, dos quais, 341 (45,4%) foram positivos para presença de psicoativo. Dentre os laudos positivos, houve um predomínio de periciandos do gênero masculino, representado 83% (281) dos laudos. Os benzodiazepínicos foram os psicoativos mais encontrados nos laudos positivos, aparecendo em 160 deles. A maioria dos laudos (225) mostrou a utilização de apenas 01 substância, representando 65,9%. Dos laudos positivos, em apenas 05 a causa mortis estava relacionada com a substância encontrada. Das 341 análises toxicológicas que deram positivas, a amostra mais utilizada foi o sangue, representando mais de 90% das amostras, equivalendo a 308 análises. Conclusões: Espera-se que os resultados obtidos na pesquisa possam direcionar e contribuir com a articulação de políticas e estratégias de segurança e saúde pública.Palavras chave: Toxicologia forense, Psicoativos, Abuso de drogas ABSTRACT:Objective: The objective of the research was to know the profile of toxicological analyzes of psychoactive substances post mortem carried out at PEFOCE in 2016. Methods: The study was of the retrospective, transversal type with a descriptive character, consisting of a predominantly quantitative approach. From the reports in which it was positive for the presence of psychoactive in a post mortem biological sample, the information of interest was collected, and when the cause mortis was related to the psychoactive substance found, it was included in the research. Information such as gender, biological sample used and cause mortis, were not collected from toxicological tests negative for psychoactive substance. Results: Of the 750 reports selected to be part of this study, 67 (8.93%) were excluded because they were inconclusive, resulting in a sample of 683 reports, of which, 341 (45.4%) were positive for psychoactive. Among the positive reports, there was a predominance of males, representing 83% (281) of the reports. Benzodiazepines were the most frequently found psychoactive drugs in the positive reports, appearing in 160 of them. Most reports (225) showed the use of only 1 drug, representing 65.9%. Of the positive reports, in only 05 the cause mortis was related to a substance found. Of the 341 toxicological analyzes that gave positive results, the most used sample was blood, representing more than 90% of the samples, equivalent to 308 analyzes. Conclusion: It is hoped that the results obtained in the research can guide and contribute to the articulation of public health and safety policies and strategies.Keywords: Forensic toxicology, Psychoactive, Drug abuse

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Cocaine postmortem distribution in three brain structures: A comparison with whole blood and vitreous humour

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Vitreous Humor: A Short Review on Post-mortem Applications

Vitreous Humor: A Short Review on Post-mortem Applications

Vitreous humor analysis for the detection of xenobiotics in forensic toxicology: a review

Perícias forenses: análise dos laudos toxicológicos no estado do Ceará / Forensic expertise: analysis of toxicological releases in the state of Ceará

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