Cocaine Drug-Drug Interactions

Sands, Brian F.; Ciraulo, Domenic A.

doi:10.1097/00004714-199202000-00009

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…While most reviews of cocaine–alcohol interactions are general (Dial 1992; Gorelick 1992; Ritz, Kuhar & George 1992; Sands & Ciraulo 1992), some deal specifically with methodological (Jones 1986) or epidemiological issues (Smith 1986; Grant & Harford 1990), one with aggressive behaviour (Denison, Paredes & Booth 1997), some with metabolism and cocaethylene (Hoyumpa 1984; Jatlow et al. 1991; Landry 1992; Jatlow et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of concurrent use of alcohol and cocaine

2002

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The combination of alcohol and cocaine is popular among drug users, perhaps because of more intense feelings of 'high' beyond that perceived with either drug alone, less intense feelings of alcohol-induced inebriation and tempering of discomfort when coming down from a cocaine 'high'. A review is presented of the medical literature on psychological and somatic effects and consequences of combined use of alcohol and cocaine in man. The search was carried out with Medline, the Science Citation Index/Web of Science and Toxline. Exclusion and inclusion criteria for this search are identified. There is generally no evidence that the combination of the two drugs does more than enhance additively the already strong tendency of each drug to induce a variety of physical and psychological disorders. A few exceptions must be noted. Cocaine consistently antagonizes the learning deficits, psychomotor performance deficits and driving deficits induced by alcohol. The combination of alcohol and cocaine tends to have greater-than-additive effects on heart rate, concomitant with up to 30% increased blood cocaine levels. Both prospective and retrospective data further reveal that co-use leads to the formation of cocaethylene, which may potentiate the cardiotoxic effects of cocaine or alcohol alone. More importantly, retrospective data suggest that the combination can potentiate the tendency towards violent thoughts and threats, which may lead to an increase of violent behaviours.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of concurrent use of alcohol and cocaine

2002

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“…The combination of cocaine with alcohol is one of the most frequent patterns of combined drug use (Grant and Harford, 1990;Sands and Ciraulo, 1992). Alcohol is used in conjunction with cocaine to "come down" after a cocaine binge, and it is also used to change or intensify the effects of cocaine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol inoxication does not change [¹¹C]cocaine pharmacokinetics in human brain and heart

Fowler

Volkow

Logan

et al. 1992

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There is increasing evidence that the combined use of cocaine and alcohol produces enhanced behavioral and toxic effects. We have used PET and tracer doses of [11C]cocaine in 7 normal human volunteers to assess if the distribution and clearance of cocaine are altered by alcohol intoxication. Each subject received 2 PET studies with [11C]cocaine (3-11 micrograms), one before and one during alcohol intoxication (1 g/kg). Regions of interest included the brain (n = 3) and heart (n = 4). Arterial plasma was assayed for unchanged cocaine and for labeled cocaethylene, a metabolite of cocaine found in individuals using cocaine and alcohol in combination (Hearn et al., 1991a). Alcohol intoxication did not change uptake and clearance or the steady-state distribution volume of [11C] cocaine in brain (striatum, thalamus, and cerebellum) or in heart. Moreover, labeled cocaethylene was not detected in the 10 minute plasma sample. These results suggest that the acute enhancement of behavior and toxicity associated with the combined use of cocaine and alcohol is not due to an alteration in cocaine's organ distribution or to cocaethylene formation but may be related to an additive effect resulting from the direct actions of each of these drugs.

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“…Two independent studies conducted by Farre et al (8,9) found that when compared with the effects of cocaine use alone, the combined effects of cocaine and alcohol produced greater increases in heart rate, which could raise the risk of cardiovascular toxicity linked with cocaine use. Although excessive use of either cocaine or alcohol can result in severe liver damage, toxicity is greatly increased when these two substances are used together (10,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crack Cocaine, Alcohol, and Other Drug Use Patterns Among Homeless Persons With Other Mental Disorders

Usdan

Schumacher

Milby

et al. 2001

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

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This study examined the co-occurrence of cocaine, alcohol, marijuana, and other drug use among treatment seeking homeless persons to determine whether alcohol use predicted cocaine use differently than marijuana and other drugs predicted cocaine use. Participants were 141 homeless persons with substance use and other nonpsychotic mental disorders seeking drug treatment at a metropolitan health care agency for homeless persons. They were 72.3% male, 27.7% female, 82.7% African American, 17.3% Caucasian, with an average age of 37.7 (SD 7.1) years and had 13.1 (SD 2.4) average years of education. Results supported the assertion that cocaine use was strongly associated with extent of alcohol use and that the association between cocaine and alcohol was stronger than the association between cocaine and other drug use, including marijuana. Participants with cocaine plus alcohol disorders were retained longer in treatment than disorders of cocaine only with no differences in abstinence outcome. The findings should drive further research into the use of alcohol as a trigger or predictor of cocaine use, the deleterious effects of the combined use of cocaine and alcohol, and specialized treatments for polysubstance users.

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Cocaine Drug-Drug Interactions

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of concurrent use of alcohol and cocaine

Effects of concurrent use of alcohol and cocaine

Alcohol inoxication does not change [¹¹C]cocaine pharmacokinetics in human brain and heart

Crack Cocaine, Alcohol, and Other Drug Use Patterns Among Homeless Persons With Other Mental Disorders

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Cocaine Drug-Drug Interactions

Cited by 17 publications

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Effects of concurrent use of alcohol and cocaine

Effects of concurrent use of alcohol and cocaine

Alcohol inoxication does not change [11C]cocaine pharmacokinetics in human brain and heart

Crack Cocaine, Alcohol, and Other Drug Use Patterns Among Homeless Persons With Other Mental Disorders

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Alcohol inoxication does not change [¹¹C]cocaine pharmacokinetics in human brain and heart