Cobalt Oxide on N-Doped Carbon for 1-Butene Oligomerization to Produce Linear Octenes

Abstract

Cobalt oxide supported on N-doped carbon catalysts were investigated for 1-butene oligomerization. The materials were synthesized by treating activated carbon with nitric acid and subsequently with NH 3 at 200, 400, 600, and 800 °C, followed by impregnation with cobalt. The 1-butene oligomerization selectivity increased with ammonia treatment temperature of the carbon support. The oligomerization selectivity of cobalt oxide on N-doped carbon synthesized at 800 °C (800A-CoOx/N-C) is 2.6 times higher than previously reported cobalt oxide on N-doped carbon synthesized with NH 4 OH (2A-CoOx/N-C). Over 70% of the butene dimers were linear C8 olefins for all catalysts. The oligomerization selectivity increased with 1-butene conversion. The catalysts were characterized by elemental analysis, N 2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The nitrogen content of the catalysts increases with ammonia treatment temperature as confirmed by elemental analysis. The surface content of pyridinic nitrogen with a binding energy of 398.4 ± 0.1 eV increased with ammonia treatment temperature as evidenced by deconvolution of N 1s XPS spectra.

Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Lactate to Pyruvate Catalyzed by Vanadium‐Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets

“…The pyrolysis temperature can impact the nitrogen species in NCNs supports, affecting the catalytic activity . We studied this influence by varying the pyrolysis temperature of the NCNs.…”

Ethylene Dimerization and Oligomerization to 1-Butene and Higher Olefins with Chromium-Promoted Cobalt on Carbon Catalyst

“…Hill has demonstrated a nearly 2-fold improvement in activity after treating the cobalt oxide on carbon catalyst with CrO 3 . We have identified a cobalt oxide species to be the main phase of the active cobalt oxide on carbon catalyst (CoO X /N–C), and have established a positive correlation between the pyridinic nitrogen content in the carbon support and the catalyst’s oligomerization activity . The selectivity of the catalyst can be explained by invoking a Cossee–Arlman mechanism .…”

“…We have identified a cobalt oxide species to be the main phase of the active cobalt oxide on carbon catalyst (CoO X /N−C), 27 and have established a positive correlation between the pyridinic nitrogen content in the carbon support and the catalyst's oligomerization activity. 28 The selectivity of the catalyst can be explained by invoking a Cossee−Arlman mechanism. 29 During ethylene oligomerization, a 1-butene selectivity of 87.0% was observed at a conversion of 10.0% with the carbon-supported cobalt catalyst.…”

Recent developments in catalyst systems for selective oligomerization and polymerization of higher α-olefins

“…The cobalt oxide catalysts supported on carbon were studied in detail by Huber et al and on zeolitic support by Marten and coworkers. [31][32][33][34][35] The Coimpregnated Ca-Y zeolite was observed to produce mostly dimers with an overall 90% butene conversion in a 7 h period at 120 °C. However, the linear dimer selectivity was moderate at 26%, along with a substantial number of branched C 8 dimers.…”